Help!! Re: Trigger hlth.   6/4/08
Hey guys
I emailed you a while ago about a trigger that was hiding constantly.
Well I have good news and bad news. I sighted him but that's about the extent of the good news. His fins are majorly tattered, his trigger looks like it's broken in half and the weirdest thing of all-his teeth are gone. And when he exhales it looks like there are flukes or something attached to his gills.
<Not good>
They are stringy things that come out of his mouth. Maybe they're dead skin or something?
<Mmm, worse than this. Reads as if your trigger was imported with some serious parasite fauna>
The other fish have no sign of disease at all.
<Many worms, crustaceans are pretty species, genera, family specific...>
I think maybe that tiger cowry I had caused an avalanche and locked him in a pocket in the live rock
<Oh!?>
and I'm afraid I might lose him.
Is there anything I can do?
<Good care...>
I've tried feeding him and target feeding him. I even tried the garlic trick and nothing seems to work.
Any help? And for future reference could you guys provide any insight as to why he's lost his teeth?
<Physical damage... trying to get out of the aforestated avalanche?>
I thought he would have tried maybe to eat the live rock cause he's starving or something.
Anyways thanks a lot
Mat
<Balistids are tough animals. I do hope yours rallies. Don't give up here. Bob Fenner>

Re: Help!! Reading... Re: Trigger hlth.  6/5/08
Hey thanks a lot for you input for my trigger. How would you get him to eat though?
<Proffer favored foods... perhaps soaked in vitamin/HUFA supplement, garlic... posted on WWM>
I mean he has no teeth. I put him in my refugium because there's lots for him to eat in there and it's warm.
Also I spotted a bristle worm in my tank the other day. Good or bad?
Thanks
Mat
<Also posted... RMF>

Trigger fish swim bladder issue?  5/28/2008
I have a black triggerfish (over 10 yrs old)
<A good long time for a Melichthys niger in captivity>
who is suddenly not swimming correctly. He appears to have lost his equilibrium and has stopped eating.
<Bad signs>
I moved him to a 10 gallon hospital tank. It has been two days and he is still breathing rapidly. I don't see any external parasites or injuries. The moray eel did bite him on the nose yesterday, but I don't think that did any real damage (they have been doing that for years).
I testing the chemicals in the main 90 gallon tank and found no elevated parameters.
<... may be that there are chemicals present that there are no tests for...>
I have a protein skimmer (which hardly ever even collects anything) as the tank is very empty. I have two black/white damsels, the moray and the trigger. No live rock.
<I would have some>
Yesterday I bought 2 more damsels, and 4 green chromis. The trigger was hiding in the rocks when the new fish were introduced. A bit odd on his normal behavior. I don't think the new fish had anything to do with it.
I have the trigger propped up against some coral in the hospital tank and it also has an airstone and powerhead going. Any suggestions? Thanks!
ps. I also did change out the filter sock in the 90 gallon yesterday am. I soaked it in fresh water with some bleach but then soaked it and rinsed it well before putting back in that tank. Other than that - nothing has changed.
<Perhaps there is something in the way of senescence going on here (old age... cumulative genetic defect), maybe a nutritional deficiency effect... If I had another system up and going I might try moving the Trigger there. Otherwise the offering of favorite foods... with a vitamin/HUFA supplement soaking ahead of time. Bob Fenner>

Re: trigger fish swim bladder issue? 6/1/08
Thanks! I put him back in the 90 gallon tank on Sunday and by Monday he started swimming a bit. By Tuesday he was back to eating and by Wednesday he was acting territorial like his Old Self and was picking on the new fish. I guess we are now back to normal! How weird. Guess I didn't realize how much I like the old bugger till he decided to try and die on me!!!
<Ahh! Thank you for this update. RMF>

Trigger scratching 4/3/08
Hi,
<Hello>
I recently realized I was testing for nitrates incorrectly (shaking a test tube instead of a bottle). When I did the test right I found that my nitrates were really high. I did two 50% water changes over the space of two weeks to get my nitrates down to 25 ppm. My pH is good, ammonia and nitrites zero. About a week after the last water change my Picasso Trigger started scratching himself on the sand and rocks. Once I saw him shake back and forth and dart around like he's agitated. I can't see any visible spots on him and he still has a healthy appetite.
<Good sign>
My Maroon Clowns seem to be o.k. Could this be early stages of ich or is it possibly a stress reaction from having the water quality change so drastically so quickly?
<Could be either really, but I would guess the water changes are the cause.>
I did have an ich breakout a year ago (visible white spots) that I was able to contain and I have seen no signs since. I'm hesitant to jump into a medical treatment because it will probably just stress him out more.
<I would not treat at this point.>
I will be taking the Trigger back to my LFS in a few weeks because I am upgrading my tank and I will need to cycle it before stocking (I don't want to start off stocking my new tank with aggressive fish).
<Good>
I don't want to take back a sick fish, do you think I should treat him with copper or something?
<I would not unless more specific symptoms occur.>
My last question is about cycling the new tank. I plan on keeping my current 55 gal. tank as a quarantine tank and I was planning on cycling the new 125 gal. tank with the live rock and some of the live sand from the 55. Do you think this is wise considering I've had an ich breakout before and a fish that might have ich now?
<If you give the tank 4 to 6 weeks to cycle without fish this should take care of any Ich that may be present.>
Should I cycle the 125 tank from scratch and clean out the 55 with bleach and cycle it again before use as a quarantine tank?
<Could, but seems drastic to me.>
Thanks in advance,
Brendon
<Welcome>
<Chris>
 

Trigger sad, Poor Environment 1/29/08
Hello,
<Hi>
I searched through a lot of posts here and found similar problems, but not exact.
I know it's small but this is in my office at work so I cant' go with a big tank.
I have a 20 gallon high with about 20 pounds of live rock and a Picasso trigger a little less than 2 inches.
<Doomed in this sized tank.>
I run an Aquaclear 200, Red Sea Protein skimmer, Aquaclear 20 powerhead and 80 watts of lighting.
The water tests fine and I do frequent changes.
<"Fine" is relative, exact numbers next time please.>
The tank is blooming with life, Copepods, Anthropods, Inverts of various types, Macro algae (came on the rock) which attests to the quality of the water.
Ok that's out of the way.
My Trigger was in the tank with to Damsel mates. Two weekends ago, I came in and observed the trigger acting skittish and hiding. The blue Damsel was acting like he took over the tank like the Alpha male. I assume they duked it out and the Trigger lost.
<Probably, the damsels are very aggressive.>
For a few days I observed his cowardliness and did some research and discovered that they must have had a tick. I placed the damsel in my quarantine tank and the Trigger came out of hiding soon after. The other damsel started to give him a hard time and he did they same thing. I removed the second damsel.
<He is not healthy so he is low man in the pecking order.>
Now he doesn't eat that I can see (food goes right past his face with no reaction) and doesn't swim around much at all.
<Not good.>
Mostly he sits in his hole, or wiggles slowly with his nose against the glass like he is sad now. His lack of eating is worrying me now since he was a hardy eater. I just bought a small tank raised Clown to put in there with him for company.
<Also can be quite aggressive, are members of the damsel family.>
I'm not worried if things don't turn out too good for the Clown.
<Bad news for the clown.>
What do you think might be his problem, and do you think he will die soon?
<Yes, if kept in a 20 gallon tank he will not last long, it is just not a suitable environment for him and you are seeing it begin to take it toll.>
Thanks in advance for your help.
Keith
<Welcome>
<Chris>

Mayday - Mayday - Trigger Down -11/18/07
Good morning Bob and Crew,
<Mike from the GWN>
First, thank you for your Daily posted FAQ's - always informative and helpful, even if they were not my questions.
Before I get to the sad state of Sergeant Gas-em (you guessed it - my Sargassum) Here are the prerequisite details.
Set-Up: 72gal. Bowfront with 80lbs. LR, approx. 2" Reef Sand, Hang-On Skimmer, Eheim Pro ll Canister Filter, 2 x Maxi-Jet 1200 Powerheads, Heater and 260W total of Actinics and 10,000s on timers.
Corals: 2 Finger Leathers, a Gold Crown Leather (Toadstool?)
<Sure>
, 1 Glove Polyp, 1 Starburst Polyp, a Green Star Polyp, a Colt and a Frogspawn (oops! - Frogspawn is in a quiet corner)
Inverts & Misc.: Sea Urchin, Serpent Star, 3 Nassarius Snails, 3 Trochus Snails, a small Conch, 2 Feather Dusters and some MIA Hermits,
Fish: A 4" Purple Tang, a Coral Beauty, a Pixie Hawkfish, two 2" A.O. Clowns living in the Gold Crown, and a new 5" Sargassum Trigger
(I am aware of the load here and already inquired as to size requirements for my new tank - due January - thank you for your advice on this)
Water quality still testing well with 0's (nothing measurable) across the board for ammonia, nitrites and nitrates. PH approx. 8.2. Temp approx. 78deg. SG 1.022 (down from 1.023 - will adjust)
Regular top-ups with treated tap water. I must admit to having been less than disciplined with my weekly water changes of late, but everything still testing very well up to this morning.
All fish with the exception of the Trigger (the latest addition) seem to be just fine - active, eating and showing no signs of any problems.
My new Trigger - 3 weeks in Q/T eating Mysis went well - moved to display - ate Mysis and Spectrum Pellets well, always active and responsive, but seemed to lose weight - added Squid and Plankton (vitamin soaked) to diet - he ate all and still seemed to lose weight over a period of about one month. Note: I saw other Sargassums at the LFS from the same "collection", weeks later, that also seemed to be pinching in.
<Not uncommon for the family... issues related to collection, handling stress... take time to re-gain weight, fitness>
A week ago I found him hiding in the rock which was unusual for him - he is usually right at the front watching everything while I am in the room, at least. He ate very little.
He was spending more and more time in the rock and I would nudge him to get him swimming and eating - would only swim for a short time and eat little to nothing.
He has not eaten or been seen swimming for the last couple of days - hiding in the rock. From your Trigger Disease and Behaviour FAQ's, I learned that this "can be" a common and temporary occurrence for these fish and did not panic until I found him on his side on the sand this morning. My Purple Tang, although still quite small (and smaller than the Trigger), can be aggressive and is harassing him a little now that he is sick. I do not see any wounds at all but I witnessed some more aggressive behaviour from the Tang this morning so I decided it would be best to remove the Trigger from this environment with the hope that he might still have a chance to recover if left alone.
When I placed him in Q/T with some vitamins in the water (I only had an established 10gal tank with sand and LR ready / good water quality - I felt it was an emergency) he swam around on the sand seemingly trying to right himself, and now he is nose down on the sand with his tail up against the glass. Still alive but motionless. Very sad.
<Still... don't give up hope>
I do not believe (although I can always be wrong) that the smaller Tang drove him to this.
<Maybe...>
The Trigger seemed to have the run of the tank and I never witnessed any real aggression from the Tang until the Trigger became unable to defend himself.
Certainly seems more like an internal parasitic problem.
<Also a very probable factor>
Is there anything I can do for this other than to just watch and wait? As usual, any thoughts or words of wisdom would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you,
Mike from Canada
<If you have another system, I'd move the trigger to it with some of the LR to make a cave of sorts... and hope. Bob Fenner>

Sick Clown Trigger, QT, Health 9/14/07
Hi guys i have a clown trigger question
<Ok>
I purchase my clown trigger from my LFS a week ago. When I brought him he had a white spot on he's fin i treated it with CopperSafe and it went
away.
<Will probably return without running the tank fallow, your system now has Ich. Appropriate QT procedures will avoid these types of problems.>
But Now he hides under my live rock all day!
<He is probably still infested with ich and not feeling well, added to this the new environment and tankmates.>
He swims around only when i put some flakes out there and he see or smells them floating around then he starts eating them. After he's done he goes right back under the live rock and sits there like he's a hawk fish waiting for food.
<Stress behavior, typical safety measure for triggers, which is how they got their name. Also flake food is not a very good staple for this fish.>
Also my water temp is
Night 88degress
Day 92
<Wow, way too high, need to keep this in the low 80s at most and more consistent.>
Nitrate a little bit
<?>
Nitrite 0
Alk 0
Ph 8.3
<Chris>

Filter Cleaning, actually trigger non-treatment  – 06/08/07
Hello,
<Howdy>
I have a 6 inch Black Hawaiian Trigger
<Ah, Melichthys niger... very wide-ranging species...>
with a small white dot right above his eye that looks pretty much like a pimple my LFS said it was probably fluke and I want to qt him a 10-gallon qt tank.
<Nah and nah>
Is the tank big enough if I keep pristine water conditions? Also how should I treat this?
<All posted on WWM, however...>
Thank you very much,
Jared
<I would NOT treat this fish, not move it... not. The spot is likely "nothing" pathogenic... will go of its own accord. Moving, exposing this specimen will be more harm, trouble than it's worth... Not necessary... Is this clear enough? Bob Fenner>

Re: Sick Trigger   6/9/07
Ok I did the wrong thing and over reacted and moved him to the qt tank cause it looked like the trigger started to look like it was getting ich.
<... if this were/is the case, the system has "it"... all fish livestock must need me moved, treated...>
So now he is in the qt tank. Should I give him a freshwater bath and lower the salinity? Thanks for all your help. Also I live in Dallas, TX and I was wondering if you could help me find a respectable fish store in my area or maybe point me to a site that could help me.
<Ask your local marine club for input here>
Your sites help is priceless
Jared
<... then use it. Your answers are all archived... along with much related, needed info. Bob Fenner>

Sick triggers? need immediate assistance!!!!!! Env. dis.   4/15/07
Hi guys. I've been reading your site for months, and its THE BEST SITE FOR MARINE ENTHUSIASTS!!!! Keep up the great work. I have a quick question for you  
guys, I have a 125 gallon all fish aquarium. 1 Blue Throat trigger appx 4  in---- 1 niger trigger appx 4 in--- 1 Domino Damsel appx 1 in --- 2 blue damsels appx 1 in---1 damsel (black w/ electric blue stripe, I forgot the name) appx 1 in---1 Squirrel appx 4 in---
<Yikes... going to need more room>
1 silver fish I believe its Mono-something
<Monodactylus...>
which was originally a fresh water fish but is now a saltwater, it has 2 black stripes  across the front and yellow going around the whole exterior of the rear,
<Mmm, M. argenteus>
appx  4.5 in. I check and maintain my water quality regularly.
<Good>
However, over the  past week or so, I noticed that the fish weren't acting right. They're usually  very lively and whenever I approach the tank they're waiting in the front I'm  assuming for food. And my Huma trigger appx 3.5 in was acting really weird since he was up on top of the tank by the overflow and it looked like he was stuck but he wasn't.
<Mmmm, triggers can be "real jokers">
He was doing that for two days and then he passed away about  4 days ago. Now my Blue throat trigger is doing the same.
<Time to be checking water quality, changing water... maybe applying chemical filtration>
he's up by the overflow  basically stuck on the drainage holes of the overflow, except that he's not stuck  because when I tried to move him, he turned himself upright. He's just there all  calm and not moving, and it seems as if he's breathing a bit heavy. Oh yeah, and  not to mention, my domino damsel was acting very lazy about a month ago not  really wanting to go for food, and constantly fades to a whitish color.
<Signs of stress....>
I  thought that he was getting stressed or abused by the other fish which I have  not observed) so I separated him in a little area all to himself in the tank.  I've had all of these fish for appx. 1 year with no new additions. Looking at the  fish, I don't see any spots or signs of diseases. When I lost the Huma trigger, I  did a very large water change, about 45 gallons just to bring down my  nitrate level which always seems to hover around the 40-80 ppm, Id say its about  50ppm.
<Much too high>
My ammonia level is consistently 0-.25 ppm,
<Needs to be, stay zip>
somewhere in between. My  nitrite level is always 0 ppm. and my high range ph is always at appx 8.2  .  However after the water change, all the readings still remained the  same, so I took out some bio balls from the sump, and went out to buy a skimmer  just last night.
<Moves in the right direction>
I purchased a Coralife SuperSkimmer
<... Proper nouns are capitalized>
(I know you guys recommend  an Aqua C however, I drove around all day and no one had them)
<Etailers... Marine Depot is their master distributor>
and  over the course of the night, it took out a ton of waste, but my water levels  are still all the same. Please help, I don't want to lose my Blue throat trigger,  and he's not doing too well. What could be wrong with him? How can I help him?
<Mmm, improve the environment...>
Should I give him a freshwater bath? use copper? I'm lost.
Is it the water  quality that's getting them sick?
<Yes>
(the water has been the same quality throughout  the year) How do I get my levels down?  THANK YOU SO MUCH
FOR READING MY  LENGTHY EMAIL!!  Sincerely Andrew
<Please read here: http://wetwebmedia.com/marine/maintenance/index.htm
Bob Fenner>

SICK Huma Huma Trigger; research, patience  3/1/07
Hello, I really hope that you can help me.  
<Hello, and so do I. GrahamT with you today.>
I purchased an established tank about 2.5 months ago.  The tank is a 46 gallon bow front with 10 lbs of live rock.  
<Far less than useful. A *generalized* "rule of thumb" is 1:1 lbs/gallons. More is better...>
The tank had a 2" yellow tang, a 3" yellow tang, a 4" Foxface and two damsels.  
<Too little room for these species, excepting the damsels.>
It has a Penguin 250 filter, a Penguin 350 filter and a Seaclone 100 protein skimmer.  
<This protein skimmer is regularly touted as one of the frequently regretted purchases among hobbyists...>
When we moved the tank we kept about 2/3 of the water.  
<Very good idea.>
After setting up the tank we had the water tested and found out that it was extremely dirty (no detectable nitrite or ammonia, but over 200 ppm nitrate).  
<Wow! Could have a lot to do with stirring up the substrate, or even lack of water changes on the previous owner's part...>
We proceeded to do 6 water changes in about a two week period bringing the nitrate down to 80 ppm.  
<Still very high, and likely stressing out your inhabitants.>
After the last water change the smaller yellow tang died.  
<Mmm, what is your water source for the water changes?>
The next day the larger yellow tang would not eat and was hiding.  
<Not a good sign...>
A day later the large yellow tang died.  
<Oh, even worse.>
The guys at the fish store told us it was probably due to the stress of moving them and all the water changes.  
<Mmm, would not disagree, but without knowing more about the mix you used for water changes...>
I waited two weeks and then purchased a Huma Huma Trigger.
<D'oh! Did the nitrates come down below 40ppm? Had the damsels seemed to look better? (I know they may have looked fine the whole time) I hope this purchase was based on better water conditions, and not JUST time gone by.>
A week after that I purchased a Flame Angelfish.  
<I have to say, this sounds like someone wants to "fill" their tank, rather than stock with appropriate selections and care for them as appropriately. Patience and research is key to success in this hobby.>
It has been two weeks since I introduced the Huma and now it has also stopped eating and is hiding.  
<This is very abnormal behaviour. Triggers are notorious for the voracity. Unless this is a very small specimen (under 1.5") then I suspect your water quality has gotten away from you again.>
Could this be bacterial?  
<Anything is possible, but current water test results are necessary in assisting you.>
I don't have a QT tank yet, do you have any suggestions on what I can do to save this fish?  
<Take some water tests. Consider upgrading the filtration and liverock compliment. Also, you didn't mention whether you employ livesand or bare-bottom.>
Also, the Flame Angel has a white spot on her lip that has been there since I purchased her.  
<Hmm... you should NEVER buy a fish that shows symptoms of disease. Put a modest deposit on it and the LFS should be happy to keep it QT'd until it looks better.>
The fish store said it was probably Lymphocystis and that it should go away on it's own.  
<Could, but proper nutrition and water conditions help more than time will.>
However after a week it looks like it is just getting worse and she now has a cloudy eye and a frayed tail.   
<I think you need to get some test results and reflect on your purchases. You have to keep in mind that these animals depend on us and require us to know their needs, or else what is the point in keeping them? I used to work at a retail fish store and we regularly refused business from customers that we knew/suspected were buying fish over and over again only to kill them through ignorance/negligence and laziness. I will quote a phrase I use often: Many folks leave the marine hobby in failure due to their lack of understanding and its subsequent devastating consequences. Fish may be purchased with problems you don't see and aren't responsible for. My intention is not to place blame or to make you feel inadequate or inferior. Most of us have made this mistake, or worse ones. We all (hopefully) learn from our mistakes. I think that most of the crewers here at WWM will agree that they hope to prevent the unfortunate side-effects of improper selection and lack or research that they themselves (myself included) have caused. The information you need to be a successful hobbyist is out there (or here!) and you owe it to you and your fish to use it.>
Foxface and damsels are still doing good.  HELP PLEASE!
<Use the google search tool here for your Centropyge loriculus's symptoms, and you will be directed to a FAQ list of those symptoms.
-GrahamT>

SICK Huma Huma Trigger; research, patience (pt.2) 3/2/07
Graham,
<Hello again.>   
  Thank you for your response.  
<You are welcome! Is what we do...>
I really do want to keep these fish alive and I feel horrible that I was probably the cause of their death.  
<Woah! Don't be so quick to hate yourself here. You don't know what the water conditions were when you purchased the system. You may have practiced some patience, but in the end some of us need to make mistakes to know their consequences.>
I did purchase "The Conscientious Marine Aquarist" book when I first got the tank (before I added anything or did any water changes) and have read it cover to cover twice.  
<A good read, no doubt.>
In the book it mentioned that there was no real proof that high nitrates caused fish any harm and that most "fish only" systems run at high rates.  
<This is true, there is no research into the mortality of captive species that are housed in systems with too high Nitrates. We do know, however, that the concentrations at sea are at or near zero and that this is the environment we try hard to reproduce. I would look at 40ppm as a "ceiling" for your FOWLR, with an occasional peak into the 50's or 60's. This doesn't mean that your fish won't be stressed about these levels, just that they might get to that point before a water change. The other end of the spectrum is where we work to keep the bio-load at a point where Nitrates are maintained below 15ppm for FOWLR. It is possible to do with well, regimented feeding and the addition of natural process (Refugium, DSB) that abate these toxins. (All laid out in "TCMA")>
After seeing no visible signs of infection on the tangs (i.e., no reddening, color change, etc) after they died I assumed the guys at the fish store were correct by saying that they probably died due to the stress of moving them and all the water changes.  
<This is possible, but hard to confirm. Either way, I find myself wondering if you have some contaminant in your system. Have you looked over our link on toxic tank syndrome? ( http://www.wetwebmedia.com/toxictk.htm ) I ask because, though damsels are very very hardy, triggers are pretty tough in their own right.>
This was the reason I purchased the Huma and flame
<Flame angels are notoriously finicky about water conditions and stress easily. A much more tolerant cousin is the Coral Beauty (Centropyge bispinosa).>
(I also did multiple water tests before purchasing these two fish and everything checked out fine, <Relative. Numbers, if you have them, are far more useful to me.> except the nitrates were still high) <D'oh!>.  I have since taken the flame back to the fish store because I did not want her to get worse and die.  
<A tough decision on your part. I think the right one.>
They are going to try to rehabilitate her.  The Huma has gotten worse, so I purchased a hospital tank (10 gallon) filled it with water from my main tank and put the Huma in that tank to begin treatment for a bacterial infection.  
<What are his symptoms again? Other than not eating, I don't remember you mentioning any outward signs. >
I does not look like he is going to make it.  
<Have you considered treating with Lifeguard marketed by Instant Ocean? (http://www.jlaquatics.com/phpstore/store_pages/details/medicine.php?product_ID=md-aslg016) I mention it because it's a broad spectrum and rather gentle treatment. Unfortunately, it is new enough that I don't have experience with it, and there have been only a few blurbs that I've read lately on it's use. On the good side, it seems very promising!>
  Two questions:  1.  I don't plan on purchasing anymore fish for a VERY long time, but if the Huma lives I need to know if it will be too crowded for him....  My 46 gallon tank now has a Foxface (4") and two damsels (1").  I am planning on upgrading to a 125 galloon tank next year.  
<If you are sure about the timing of the 125-gallon, then you should be ok. Wait! You never mentioned how big he is! Under 4 inches, he'd be ok for a year or so. >
How many fish could I keep HEALTHY in my 46 gallon tank for the next year?  
<For clarification: You have two damsels and a Foxface? With these inhabitants, and the trigger, you are well (if not over) stocked.>
Could I add the Huma back in or should I try to upgrade to the 125 gallon now?
<Would wait for a change in behaviour from the trigger. You have moved him around quite a bit in the past few weeks. That reminds me: did you ask whether the trigger was caught or tank-raised?>   
  2.  What can I do to get the nitrates down?  
<Well: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/nitratesmar.htm http://www.wetwebmedia.com/nitratennr.htm http://www.wetwebmedia.com/denitrification_erfaqs.htm http://www.wetwebmedia.com/nutrientcontrol.htm http://www.wetwebmedia.com/no3probfaqs.htm ...would help you gain an understanding of the various opinions and techniques regarding nitrates and the exportation/conversion.>
(I use tap water for water changes and condition it with PRIME and add CYCLE.  Salt used is CORAL LIFE)  
<Mmm... do you test your water before and after mixing? It is possible that you have some unknown metals or other contaminants in your tap water. I would consider trying to eliminate that area of possible contamination by purchasing a small, effective De-ionizer http://www.aquariumguys.com/tapwaterfilter.html . If you can afford the up-front, then you could try an RO, but I like the DI for it's low initial cost and you can set it aside guilt-free if your tap water is actually fine after buffering. As far as Prime and Cycle go, I'm not sure what you are trying to achieve by their use in this instance. Prime is a dechlorinator/ammonia reducer, and useful in cleaning up (to some degree) tapwater before using in a freshwater setup. You may find it makes you feel better about using tapwater, but I think you should invest in a better form of treatment here. Cycle, IMO, is not worth trying, and I'm not sure what you are hoping for in it's use. If you are medicating with anti-bacterials in a QT then you will be killing off your nitrifying population, adding them back is not how you counteract this, but with water changes. Frequent water changes. http://www.wetwebmedia.com/quaranti.htm http://www.wetwebmedia.com/QuarMarFishes.htm http://www.wetwebmedia.com/bestquarfaqs.htm >
I have done about 10 - 20% water changes in the past 2 months and they have gone down from 200ppm to between 80 and 60 ppm but have not budged from the high 80-60ppm.
<See above.>   
  3.  If the Huma lives how long should I keep him in the hospital tank before moving him back to the main tank?  
<No less than 4 weeks, but preferably 6-8. You don't even know what he has, so premature introduction to the display system may be, well, premature.>
Also, is there something more I can do for him besides treating him?  
<Keep his environs pristine.>
I am currently using a broad spectrum anti-biotic because we have no idea what is wrong with him (no color change, no spots)
<See if you can entice him to eat live brine. Maybe he's just too soon from the wild?>   
  Thanks again....I am still learning and I just don't want to be the cause of anymore death.
<A worthy cause. I applaud you for trying and for pledging to be a saviour to your buddies. Spend some time reading here on WWM and you may find something that jumps out at you. In the meantime, provide excellent water quality, nutrition, low stress levels and keep testing.
-GrahamT>

Stupid trigger? Mmm, no, but going blind... from?   2/25/07
Hello,
<Kwon>
Thanks for all the wonderful info on your site. They're really helpful. But I can't seem to find info on my problem.
I have a 3" clown trigger in a fish only 55 gal tank with 50lb live rocks.
<Mmm, you know this fish needs more room... can/will likely become a terror...>
I have him for about 8 month now. Lately, I've notice that during feeding, he charges towards the sinking food and miss it. He has no problem picking them off the floor. He also bumps into the rocks a lot. Is there something wrong with his eye sight? I see no physical damage on his eye nor body.
<There is likely a nutritional deficiency at play here... though the source of the problem could be (smaller likelihood) an internal (eye) parasite... or even less likely, a psychological result from the crowding...>
He just survived an ick attack about 4 month ago. Could that have damaged something?
<Mmm, yes... depending on how the fish/system was treated... it may have been neurologically poisoned. Bob Fenner>
Please advise.
Thanks.
Kwon.

Sick triggerfish   2/13/07
Hi.  I have a 55 gal saltwater fish only tank. 
<Too small a space for a Balistid...>
pH, salinity, nitrates and ammonia are all fine.
<What's fine mean?>
  Niger Trigger is 3-4 inches long and I have had him about 1 year. He is usually fairly shy and hides whenever I clean the tank.
<Typical behavior, eh?>
I cleaned the tank a week ago and he went into his shell as usual.  Sometimes he will stay there for hours.  Once I did not see him come out for 3-4 days.  I was worried about him then but he finally came out and seemed fine.  Today he finally came out of the shell (7 days).  He never ate during this time and now he is propped up against some coral.
<Yikes... maybe got stuck...>
  I actually thought he was dead but then I noticed his eyes looking around.  His color and fins look fine but yet he sits there at a 45 degree angle and does not move.  I think he is fairly sick b/c he usually is swimming whenever he is out of his shell and he usually swims away from me when I get up against the tank.  Any ideas?
Chris
<Where, when in doubt, a water change... and a trial with live food... maybe some ghost shrimp... Try elevating your water temperature a few degrees F.. Do you use supplements? I would try them here... See WWM re. Bob Fenner>

Sick Trigger (Xanthichthys auromarginatus) – 01/17/07
Greetings,
<<Hello!>>
First, I want to thank you for the work your doing helping us make insightful decisions.
<<Most welcome...truly a pleasure to share>>
I have a Blue Jaw Trigger, Xanthichthys auromarginatus,
<<Me too!>>
that has not been well for two weeks; it is very immobile, propping himself up on or over something continually.
<<Hmm, it's not unusual for this fish to occasionally stop roaming/peer out at the world from its favorite cave...but it shouldn't be lying around all the time>>
He has been eating, but only when fed directly and does not seek food.
<<Mmm, should be active/interested at feeding time>>
A couple of days ago he began spitting back out the large plankton, so I made a batch of food in the blender of: shrimp, oyster, clam, Selco, formula II, and daphnia; it is eating, but again only when basting directly toward his mouth.  The fish’s colour is about a six out of ten; there is yellow outlining the tips of the fins with a dark band on the body at the fin's base.
<<The yellow margin on the fins is naturally occurring on a male X. auromarginatus...but the dark band is possibly a sign if distress>>
Its distinctive dots and blue jaw are still clear.
<<Good>>
I QT’d the fish.  He was housed with a Sebae and its GSM since May (8 months).  The tank is too small; it is a 70-gal bow front and has four feet in front and back of the rockwork to swim with two or three nice caves underneath in which he'd sleep.  Many sites put the limits for this fish at 75 gal, and I knew Bob recommends at least 100 gal.
<<Yes...or larger>>
Occasionally needing to keep the money maker happy I ordered the fish.  There are no signs of trauma, or tumor.  Are these symptoms of small tank syndrome or something recognizable/treatable?
<<If the fish has not suffered some physical trauma, then this sounds to me like an internal protozoan infection (lethargy is a telling symptom here).  These are difficult to treat, and often by the time the symptoms manifest it is too late.  The fact the fish is still eating is a good sign and I suggest you try some foods post-haste made for treating internal parasites (New Life Spectrum has such a food).>>
My wife is a veterinarian having many medications/antibiotics available.
<<Then perhaps try soaking some thawed frozen food (mysis shrimp, chopped krill) with Metronidazole.  See here for information on dosages, cautions, etc. : http://www.wetwebmedia.com/metranidazole.htm >>
Lastly, I’ve read to moderate length about hyposalinity, and while probably not a cure, will reducing salinity ease fishes’ metabolic demands?
<<Though it can be of use in some situations (dips/baths), I am not a fan of long-term hyposalinity for the “stress” it places upon the fishes.  They have evolved to live within certain saline parameters, changing those parameters requires them to make adjustments/work harder to maintain their osmotic balance >>
I maintain a salinity of 35ppt.
<<Excellent...do keep it there>>
Thank you,
Robert
<<Good luck Robert...and please let me know how the treatment goes.  Eric Russell>>

Huma Huma help 1/2/07
hello.
<Hello, Graham here.>
I have had a catastrophe... and want to help save my last fish... I purchased some turbo snails from the local pet store and after introducing them to my 75 gallon tank all my fish started scratching. I added Sea Cure and that was the end of my marine life. I lost 2 clown 2 damsel 1 yellow tang and my emperor angel.. now my trigger is left but he is still scratching away at his side. he has his whole belly red and flakey now. what can I do ? My tank was all zeros for no2, no3 and ammonia and a ph of 8.0-8.2.... I now have him out of the tank and in a quarantine.. he seems to be fine but he is scratching his skin really bad...I an dosing him with sea cure BTW.
<Very hard to diagnose a problem like this when you can't see it. Send a high-resolution .JPG that has been either compressed in an image editor or to a .ZIP file. (Make sure the file is no bigger than 500k, but preferably under 100k) If you cannot send a pic, I recommend you try to work out an identification from our FAQs using the search tool.>
                                                          Thanks
                                                         Josh
<Welcome.>
<P.S. Bob F. : Please jump in if you see a red flag I'm missing! -Graham> <<Mmm... copper poisoning... removing the copper, hope, time going by... RMF>>

Sick Trigger - 10/21/2006
I have a Bursa who I have had for about 4 months now in a 55, With only a small puffer now.  All levels are fine.
<I really hate this word fine when it describes levels. I don't have a clue that what is fine for you is fine for me. I prefer no ammonia, no nitrites, no nitrates. Is that your description of fine?  The reason I ask, is that I've seen what's happening to your fish with problems of ammonia burn and ph problems as well. Could that be what's happening in the tank??  About 3 weeks ago I bout a Dwarf lion who I did not quarantine. After about one week the Lion jumped out of tank and died while I was at work (forgot to close lid).  The about two day later my I found my Niger Trigger under my live rock almost dead with his skin coming off.  Quickly I quarantined him and treaded with Quick cure which I had around but he died within the hour.  I put my bursa in quarantine then and treated just in case for 3 days and he seamed fine. So I returned him. Then about 3 days later which is now he has all his skin coming off and I can almost see blood threw his skin.  The puffer can't see at all now and just started running into walls.  I know this is a long e-mail but I really need help I don't think I have much time.
<This could be some type of bacterial infection. I thought quick cure was for ick?  I would suggest a broad spectrum antibiotic into the tank although you don't mention if you have corals mixed in with the live rock?  I'm sorry that its taken so long to get you a response I just found this email and responded immediately.  I would definitely consider a water change because fresh water always helps and I would also consider some type of antibiotic if you believe its an infection.>
Thank you.

Trigger with Popeye--Help... no useful info.   8/21/06
I am currently treating my Picasso triggerfish for Popeye, he has had it for quite some time and it looks as if his eyes are going to fall
out....I have moved him to a 20 gal and I have used two rounds of TriSulfa
<Of no use here>
(5 days each) and one round of Maracyn for 5 days, and he is not getting any better and is not eating ( he may eat a bite of my
homemade food once in a while) I am going to give him a week or so with nothing but waterchanges before i try something else. What should i use
next and would it be beneficial to use a sterilizer during the next week or so? Any help would be greatly appreciated!!
<... What do you consider a/the contributing cause/s here? What re water quality, testing? The history of your care of this fish? Other livestock... Bob Fenner>

Re: trigger with Popeye--Help   8/22/06
I am not sure... maybe bacterial??
<Likely... at least secondarily>
I have had him in a 90 gal  for almost four years, his eyes have always somewhat ""stuck out"" the other fish (Naso tang, yellow tang, maroon clown, sebae anemone and a tube anemone)
<Oh... or negative chemical, biological interaction with these last two, particularly the Cerianthus... at least as a negative influence>
are all fine, i never really paid much attention to it  as he has never really shown any problems until i got back from vacation three weeks ago and noticed he was biting at food during feeding but failed to get any, which made me think he went blind....water quality is good, i do 25 gal a week water changes, Ro water of course last test was .5 ppm nitrite,
<Too much... should be zip/nada>
40 ppm nitrate
<Twice as high as I'd tolerate>
(slightly high but not real bad) 190-200 ppm alkalinity and 8.2-8.3 PH... could it be some kind of genetic disease?
<Not much>
About 2 1/2 yrs ago i had a problem with ich and lost a blue tang and had to treat the tank with some form of antibiotic (not sure what it was) that was given to me by a local  shop owner. could it be damage from then?
<Good question... don't know>
One thing that has me baffled is that this fish had a white spot in each eye
<Good clue... more certain the source was/is environmental principally>
that he has had for almost the whole time i have had him, after the TriSulfa one eye cleared from the white spot and the other has gotten smaller and he isn't blind at least i don't think, but looks as if he has a cloudy bubble over each eye...I have no other resource in town other than the local pet smart (they know nothing) the other store is now closed and he just maintains clients now and is impossible to get a hold of...makes me wonder if the person watching over them while i was gone had some sort of ""germ"" on there hands while feeding (highly doubtful)..... Liz
<A few problems... the Tube Anemone, poor water quality... need addressing for the remainder of your livestock. Please read here:
http://www.wetwebmedia.com/tubeanem.htm
and the FAQs file linked above, and use the search tool to find, read re nitrite, nitrates, env. disease.
Bob Fenner>

Triggerfish/Health   8/8/06
Hello,
<Hello Brent>
I am writing to you because I am in a situation where I feel asking for help may be the best thing to do at this point. I purchased a 3 1/2 inch Undulated Trigger 3 days ago. After the usual acclimation period I added him to his 75 gallon new home. Quarantine was skipped because this tank is due to be stripped and redone in the near future and my 30 gallon QT tank is occupied. All seemed to be the norm and after a few hours I tended to my regular maintenance. I have a Aqua-C Remora pro w/ Mag 3 for a skimmer. I removed the sponge from the pump to clean it and never thought twice about it being a problem. I left it off while I did other things and eventually took a nap. After waking up and checking on my new pet I found him stuck to the intake of the Mag/3. Like an idiot I reached in to help him without first turning off the pump. More than half of his one side is now a big hickey. He seems to be active. His color (minus the sore) is normal. I would think that this fish would be well on the road to recovery except he hasn't eaten.  I have offered cut shrimp, krill, formula one, trigger formula, squid and Mysis shrimp. Here are my water readings.
Temp 78
SPG 1.023
ph 8.3
ammonia 0
nitrite 0
nitrate 10 or lower
The tank is fully cycled and the only other fish is a 3 stripe damsel. I have added 10 teaspoons of Epsom salt. What else if anything can I do?
<Give it a little more time.  Once the trauma period is over the appetite should return if no internal injuries to the fish occurred.  James (Salty Dog)>
Brent

Dead Huma Huma trigger... mis-placed    7/20/06
Hi. I was emailing you to see if you knew of a disease a Huma  recently had. I bought the Huma and put in a 70 gal tank with a Niger and  Undulated trigger.
<Oh yes... know already... a social disease... psychological stress from mis-stocking, crowding>
Other than normal checking each other out at entry the  fish were ok with each other.
<Uh, no>
The fish ate the first day in the tank. The  second day I found the fish with his head pointed at the top of the tank near  the surface.
<A submissive posture... "trying to get out...">
The Huma did not eat and kept staying around the surface all  day. I noticed on his body color loss. The color loss started behind his trigger  fin and ran like a
straight line down one side of his body. It was like his body  has divided in half with half looking normal and the other half looking   muted with color
loss. The line ran from top to bottom. The fish died within 6  hours after I noticed the line down his body.  I noticed after I moved him  to a sick tank the
other side had started to do the same thing.  I have not  seen anything like this before and wanted to know what it was? Can my other  triggers get this from
the one I lost? The fish had been at the fish store for  over a month in a tank with another trigger and a lion fish before I bought him.  Thanks for you help, Chad
<... These balistids can't be housed together... not compatible behaviorally... Bob Fenner>
 

Sargassum Trigger Fish  - 07/18/2006 Hi guys/girls <<Hi.>> Quick question for you if I may :) <<Go for it.>> I have a Sargassum Trigger Fish. <<Cool.>> I have had him for a few months now.  Slowly over this time he has become progressively skinnier. Not really skinny, he eats a huge amount, but just does not put on weight. I am just thinking he may have worms. <<An internal parasite of some kind is likely.>> What would be the best thing to worm him with? <<I use Levamisole, a commonly available pig de-wormer.>> We don't have a huge range of meds over here either, can you just use cat wormer? <<I’m not familiar with cat meds.>> How much? How do you get it into them? Soak some freeze dried krill in a solution of the Levamisole and tank water.  Do this for a few days.>> Thought of mixing with food, but he tends to only eat whole things like mussel, white bait etc. <<See above.>> Any ideas?? There is a photo of him (attached) when I first got him. Thanks again Tim <<Glad to help. Lisa.>>

A buddy's Picasso in distress....  - 04/05/2006
<Sab>
I had a quick question for ya....  I have a buddy at work (CC'd here) with a 2" Picasso in a 40g tank with two other fish;
<Gonna get crowded...>
water parameters all sound great, am going to double check for him in case his test reagents are old/faulty.  Sounds like a decent setup given the
inhabitants' current size; also, the tank's in good shape/health aside from this little trigger.  He's been in the tank for 5 months and has started
showing signs that he might be blind.
<Does happen>
He tries to go for food and fails to find it.  He apparently acts as though he wants to eat, just can't see/get the food.  The only things I can think
of that might be issues are nutritional problems and toxic metals (copper, etc).
<These are the most common...>
I think we've ruled out the latter though.  The fish are fed on frozen krill, Mysis, brine shrimp, and flakes.  I've suggested he start trying some
frozen/thawed human-consumption fish/shellfish meats, foods soaked in Selcon, maybe some Spectrum pellets, but I'm just not sure if nutritional
  issues would blind a fish?
<Yes, can/do>
  I've read so in a couple of places, but....  is there anything else that I'm missing?  Other things that cause blindness in fish/triggers?
<Likely the third most common "cause" are pathogenic/parasitic problems... next, too-bright/continuous lighting...>
Am currently recommending quarantining the critter so he won't have competition for food and trying to get something into his little concave
belly.  Any other thoughts?
Also, Brent, the link for the conference is http://www.wmc2006.org - hope to see ya there!
-Sabrina
<Oh, yes. And do send along a close-up pic of this fish's eyes if you can.
Bob Fenner>

Bursa triggerfish    3/27/06
I have a question for you guys, about my Bursa Triggerfish. I have had him for two days, and he is eating fine. He lays around a lot behind the rocks, and comes out every once and awhile, and then goes and hides.
<To be expected...>
The night I first got him he dove into a tight hole and got stuck, and I had to free him.
<Can free itself>
Two days later, I noticed he had a whitish film covering different areas of his body. I think it's a bacterial infection, so I have been treating with Pimafix.
<Not a good idea...>
I would really appreciate if you could answer this question for me. I would not like to lose this fish.
<There is no question posted. Please read here: http://wetwebmedia.com/fishindex3.htm
scroll down to the Triggerfishes area. Read re their Systems (yours needs a few hundred gallons ultimately, at least sixty uncrowded right now for itself), Compatibility, Disease... Bob Fenner>

Failing Undulate Trigger ...No, failed aquarist. - 2/15/2006
Hello.
<<Hello Amber.>>
I have a four year old Undulate Trigger. He was recently moved (December) into a larger tank (40 gallons).
<<This fish reaches a foot in length. He needs a tank at LEAST double this.>>
All of his familiar shells/ornamentation was moved with him. About a month went by before the algae started to show ("normal" levels that have never bothered the fish here before); the algae were a mix of the green and the red. Recently, the red algae began to "GROW"  into membrane-like coverings throughout the tank. This obviously did not make trigger happy.
<<Poor water quality is bugging him more, I ‘m sure.>>
Last Thursday I physically removed as much of the algae as I could while I prepared to do the water change/ maintenance (I know I should have changed/cleaned the filter sooner, but was out of carbon).
<<Not a compelling reason to skimp on maintenance.>>
Between Friday and Saturday, I cleaned as much as I could while I prepared the new water/ treated it with buffer and Prime.  I took a water test on Saturday, and the Nitrite/Nitrate were off, everything else was within ideal range.
<<What does 'off' mean.  Please give numbers.  If you were detecting nitrIte, something is very wrong in your tank.  You need to move your trigger into larger quarters.>>
I had plans to do a 25% water change, clean filtration etc. on Monday.
<<Had plans? Did you?>>
Alas, Sunday Morning, trigger was not as vigorous as usual. He came out of his shell only once for a quick nip and that was all.
<<He is being poisoned by his own waste.  I’d be ornery too.>>
Sunday night, he wouldn't come out to eat, and was 'gasping' and looking generally stressed.. I did a quick 10% water change.
<<Not nearly enough to keep toxins down.>>
Monday afternoon the Trigger was lying down outside of his shell, breathing rapidly, and otherwise NOT swimming, even when I tried to 'nudge' him.
<<Bad idea, will only stress him further.>>
I broke down the filtration (a magnum 350 with activated carbon), cleaned the hosing, did the 25% water change, put a bubbler in to give him more Oxygen.
Tuesday morning the only change was he is lying on the sand floor on the opposite end of the tank.. He is not breathing as rapidly and does not look as stressed, but his color is darker than normal, and he still will not swim or eat that I can see.
<<Doesn’t sound any better to me.>>
I took water test, showed ammonia ideal, Nitrite .5, Nitrate 40, PH and Alkalinity, showed high.
<<These subjective terms ‘ideal, high’ mean nothing to me.  Please give numbers.  NirtIte showing is a sign of terrible water quality, and a  lack of appropriate cycling bacteria.>>
I have new water again to do another 10% water change today (Wednesday) & to remove as much red algae as I can.. Is there anything else I can do for this fish??
<<Yes.  Do LARGE (75%+) water changes as many times per day as needed to keep ammonia and nitrIte at 0, while you go buy a larger tank.>>
I don't see any white spots or other discoloration, and frankly.. I am out of ideas.
<<It’s quite obvious what the problems are here.>>
Any advice would be helpful at this point.
Thank you.
Amber A.
<<Lisa.>>

Re: Failing Undulate Trigger ...No, failed aquarist. - 2/15/2006
You know, I e-mailed you looking for help and advice.. NOT for mockery and debasement!
<<I did not mock you, Amber.>>
Obviously we are aware that the Trigger will need larger quarters.
<<Was not even mentioned.>>
We have a 150 gallon tank that will be his future home; we are currently researching equipment & environmental choices to see which would be the best options.
<<Awesome.>>
When I say that ammonia is ideal, it is because on the quick-strip test that is the readout option! There are no numbers!
<<Ah I see, hence the confusion.>>
I realize nitrite and nitrate are bad... if you were reading my e-mail, you would have noticed I took IMMEDIATE steps to rectify those levels!!
<<I did read it; I simply feel/felt that larger water changes are in order.  Nothing rude in that.>>
There was no need to mock my maintenance methods... the scheduled maintenance was not due until the last week of the month... so it is understandable that I did not have carbon on hand.
<<I did not mock you, just stated that lack of carbon is not a reason to let water quality slide.>>
But gee, thanks for all your great advice!
<<Although you are being sarcastic, you’re welcome.  If you set aside the fact that you think I mocked you, you will see that I suggested larger quarters/water changes, and that these are quite helpful. I am sorry, but there is no other answer to give you.>>
Meanwhile this trigger is very lethargic.. probably starving...and I'm doing water changes every day (I only did 25% because the action was stressing the fish more!)
<<Even if so, reducing the toxins in his water is the main concern here, and will kill your Trigger if not corrected.>>
So I'll continue doing daily water changes, with hopes this fish will pull through, without any helpful information/advice from you.
<<Sorry you feel that way, but not true.  Lisa.>>   
Amber A.

Clown trigger unable to eat  - 2/11/2006
Hi,
<Hello there>
I have had a 2" clown trigger for about 4 months now.  Things have been going well as he appears happy and actively swims around.  However, over the
last week or so, I've noticed that he's no longer able to eat.   
<!?>
He is definitely trying as he eagerly bites at the food I put in the tank. Unfortunately, he is unable to chew or bite through the food at all.  He'll
even take food into his mouth, but then he always spits it out.  I have tried a wide assortment of items including pellets, flakes, freeze-dried
krill, seaweed and frozen shrimp/scallops/mussels etc without any luck.  I really worry there is something wrong with his teeth, but I can't see any
obvious problems.  I assume he is injured or deformed
<Me too... likely the former... from "running into something">
as everything I've read about feeding triggerfish talks about how strong their jaws and teeth are.  Shouldn't he be able to easily devour all the above-mentioned foods?
<Yes>
Do you think this problem will correct itself in time or is my trigger doomed?  
<I do hope for the former>
Any recommendations, in terms of what to feed him or how to improve his situation, would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance.
-Jay
<... really only "time going by" can/will tell here. Bob Fenner>

Mysterious Trigger Deaths - 01/08/06
It is too late to help with my problem but I hope you can give me advice on where things went wrong for the future.
<<Sorry for your troubles...I'll try to be of help.>>
I strongly believe in quarantine.  At the end of October I purchased a smallish female Blue Throat Trigger and put her in quarantine.  Things progressed very well and she began eating the second day and was becoming less shy.  On 11/21 I purchased a male Blue Throat Trigger of about the same size as I had wanted to add a pair to my display tank and thought it better to quarantine them together and add them at the same time.
<<Agreed.  I too bought a pair of these fish, though I acquired mine "as a pair".>>
He was much shyer and more skittish than the female was.
Quarantine tank is 20 gallons, bare tank with pieces of PVC of varying sizes for hiding places.
<<Sounds good>>
I have a hang on filter with no media just for circulation and to allow me to add carbon or other media if needed and a sponge filter that I keep going at all times so it has as active bacteria culture already.
<<You've done your homework...>>
I don't normally add any medications unless there are specific disease signs/symptoms.
<<Ah!  Excellent to hear.  I too am a believer of "treat only when 'absolutely' necessary".>>
Display tank is 72" x 30" wide x 24" high and total system volume of about 250 gallons.  Things progressed fine for a couple of weeks although the male continue to be very skittish and would hide whenever anyone came near the tank, or even walked into the room.
<<Not really atypical behavior.  Once the fish is with other fish the hiding should become less, though this specie likes having a "bolt hole".>>
The female was eating well and would stay out of hiding most of the time, even when I approached the tank.
<<My experience was similar.>>
Near the holiday time neither fish displayed any disease symptoms at all but the male was still skittish and would only eat if I added the food to the tank and then left so I decided to leave them both in the Q-tank a bit longer hoping he would get more accustomed to things.
<<Mmm, that is a bit surprising/disturbing.  Mine will often dive for cover if I make a rapid movement, but always comes out for food while I stand and watch.  But still, fish are individuals...>>
Around 12/31 (5 -6 weeks in quarantine for the male and 8 weeks for the female) his behavior got stranger and he started zooming around the tank, running into the walls, or trying to jump out and banging against the top of the tank.
<<Uh oh>>
He stopped eating and spent most of the time hiding in the corner behind the sponge filter unless startled by someone coming into the room or the lights coming on.  A few days later the female started acting the same way.  Both stopped eating.  Wednesday of this week, 1/4, the male died.  There were no spots or unusual areas on his body, no bloating, eyes clear, fins intact with no problems.  Female was exhibiting same symptoms so I decided to treat with an antibiotic just in case as I figured things couldn't get any worse.
<<I tend to agree...though I think this may have been an internal parasite...very difficult to treat.>>
I was using Maracyn and Maracyn Two which the directions told me could be used together.  This morning the female was dead.
<<Likely too little too late...though I'm not sure there was/would have been anything you could do.>>
She did seem to have a little bloating in the abdominal area but otherwise, no outward signs at all.  I am very distressed over the loss of these two fish and feel very responsible.
<<I understand>>
What should I have done differently?
<<Hmm...maybe nothing...possibly a separate quarantine.  Is possible the male was malaffected when purchased, and subsequently infected/affected the female...but then hindsight is always 20/20 my friend.  Also possible this was (in both cases) merely the result of poor collection/mishandling...  I still support your stand on not treating/pouring chemicals in to the tank unless you're absolutely sure what you are treating.  Even then, not much (if anything) you could have done.  Purely my own opinion here, but based on your statements I'm inclined to believe these fish were doomed before you ever got them.>>
I haven't decided if I want to try again or just leave my display as it is.
<<If I may suggest... If you try these fish again (wholly worthwhile in my estimation), ask to have them collected/shipped from Hawaii.  Shorter transit time and good collection/holding practices...all which increase survivability.  Also use a LFS that will quarantine/ensure the fish are feeding properly before purchase, if at all possible.>>
Thanks.
Mickey
<<Regards, EricR>>

Discolored Clown Trigger... poor mix, environment (Marina Looks for Photos..)
I have a 4 month old Long 30 gallon tank. heavily filtered. Prizm (H.O.T.) skimmer, old school gulf stream wet dry filter, 8 lbs live rock, phosphate absorbing media, carbon, PolyFilter. Also left in the undergravel filter, (covered by very little gravel) with 2 powerheads to pump the fish waste back up to the skimmer (ideally.)
<Mmm, am sure you realize the requirements of substrate with UG filters, their shortcomings/strengths>
I have more bio balls on order to increase the nitrifying bacteria for the system. I currently fight the nitrite with heavy skimming and a 1/3 water change weekly. currently levels are 2.5 PPM nitrite and 30 ppm nitrate. everything else is ideal.
<... any nitrite is dangerous...>
I have
1 Niger trigger 2.5 inches,
1 nano undulating trigger 1 inch, <<A what?>>
1 Royal Gamma 2 inches (lives in barnacles)
4 brave and fast damsels
3 Emerald Crabs (clean up crew)
and a 2 inch clown trigger.
<... crazy to have this much fish life in an uncycled system>
everyone gets along.
<Mmm, for now perhaps... apparently>
- I know that your recommendations are for huge tanks with triggers, but I live in NYC and the triggers live as we do, in well laid out, small quarters. sleeping places for all and a good circuit to do laps. I do not want to reduce stock or trade in until they grow too big 1+ inch growth. 
I purchased the clown trigger 3 weeks ago. The clown trigger survived and ich infestation 10 days ago. I treated with a 5 minute fresh water dip, and then treated with copper. When I bought the clown it had some discoloration, but was eating well, and was an excellent price retail at $49.00. I decided to bring it home and with TLC bring it back to fighting strength. After undergoing medication, the clown is eating well, although only brine shrimp or Mysis. Does not seem to have the desire to attack the krill like the Niger.
On one side of its body the colors are perfect. The photo attached is of the other side.
There are white discolored patches. under close observation, it does not look to be fungus. Although the fins have some white bits forming, perhaps bacteria attacking post ich?
<Mmm, no, at least not immediately, directly the problem... the source of troubles here is/are environmental... nitrite, likely transient ammonia, too much stress from unnatural assortment, crowding>
Also the pectoral fins appear to be enduring some rot. I am going to the LFS to buy some Maracyn, is this the best course of action, given I am dedicated to not making tank size change or destocking? Also how long should scales take to grow back if scrapped from netting or shipping?
<Mmm, no... antibiotics period are not a good idea in main/display systems... this one, Erythromycin is not a good idea period>
Thanks for your help, your site is very interesting.
- JR
<Keep the nitrite down below 1.0 ppm... through huge water changes, careful feeding, add more substrate, get a bigger tank/s. Bob Fenner>

Re: Discolored Clown Trigger
Thanks for your advice. I think I will definitely de-stock the tank. Leave the nano undulating and clown. The Niger is growing very fast and it will get ridiculous soon. Do you know of internet fish exchange site where hobbyists sell/trade/donate livestock to each other?
<Mmm, not fishes... likely better to trade locally... through a LFS likely... for credit>
I added the antibiotics which I now realize was the wrong move. how should I go about removing them? Just more huge water changes? Thanks again for your insight. Moving to Australia in a year. Will then set up the 100 gallon and collect instead of purchase. looking forward to it. - JR
<The water changes and use of activated carbon ought to do it. Bob Fenner> 

Niger Trigger problems, spots
yea hi my name is Kevin
I just bought a Niger trigger and I noticed that there are white spots on  
its fins but only near the tip of the fins and that there's white patch's on my  
triggers skin.
The white patches are barely visible though.
I was wonder if the white spots are ich and if the white patch's are marine  
velvet.
<Not likely>
if they are please tell me how to treat them.
Overall my trigger is not acting like it has a dieses.
It doesn't have cloudy eyes, it doesn't swim weirdly, it doesn't act  
weirdly, it eats, etc.
But please tell me what it is and what soul I do to help my trigger.
thanks for you time
<These marks, spots are likely encysted worms... not treatable, may "go away" of their own accord, not spread-able to other fishes... I would just keep your eye on them, lest this is something else. Bob Fenner>

-Survival of The Fittest-
Crew- thanks for your great site
<Thank you>
A story and a question:
<Sure, you have Justin here.>
Yesterday I did a water change in my 90gal FOWLR. Also bought a couple more lbs of cured LR (yes, really cured at the LFS). When adding the LR, I removed a fake coral piece that I had purchased but never really liked in the tank.
<Everyone says aquascaping is never done in their tanks heehee I know the feeling.> 
When changing water in my tank, all the inhabitants do a Houdini- they all disappear.
<No To them the hand of god just appeared and its time to get outta the way .> 
I figure this is good as it means there is sufficient hiding places in the tank. After the water change was complete, all seemed well. I checked out the tank after about an hour and noticed that my 4" Picasso trigger had not reappeared. He has a normal hiding place in large piece of coral skeleton so I figured he was still hiding. Unusual but not yet reason for alarm. After about another hour - still no Picasso so I started looking/wondering.
<Done this with an eel several times and a wrasse. I feel your pain.> 
Used a flashlight to checkout his normal hiding space and no sign. Checked out the floor around the tank in case he escaped without me noticing. Still no sign. Pondered this for a few minutes and then realized the one piece of fake coral removed earlier was hollow. The fake coral was not yet put away and was still on a towel on the floor by the aquarium. When I checked there - I had a oh sh@# moment. The trigger had wedged himself inside of the coral. His trigger was out and was stuck into the coral. He had been out of the water for almost 2 hours. I had screwed up and killed one of my favorite fish. :( I reached into the coral to remove the dead fish and he surprised me and moved! I quickly filled a bowl of water from the tank and "unstuck" his trigger from the coral.
<Ok, usually not recommend touching the fish, rather simply submerging the whole coral, however its a heat of the moment thing, so good save.> 
He fell into the bowl and immediately tried to jump out. With the help of my son, we got a cover over the bowl and held him there for a few minutes. When introduced back into the tank, he quickly found his normal hiding place. He has since come out, looks fine and is eating well and acting normal. I figure I'm lucky enough to own "one tough fish."
My question(s)- Is it normal for a fish to be able to survive 2hrs out of the water? Is there anything I can or should do to for the trigger?
<Well Yes and no. Triggers are notorious for their incredible survival. It is not normal in my experience for fish to live for so long outside of water, However the coral might have had water in it etc, it does not matter, the fish is alive and eating. All you can do for it is to give it time, Its stressed some, but the eating is a great sign that it is doing fine. Id simply enjoy your fish and be careful while aquascaping. :) >
<Justin (Jager)> 

-A Niger Fakes it-
<Hello>
I bought a Niger triggerfish a week ago.
<Did you Q/t this fish?> 
He seems very active with my damsel, but when he stops moving he lays on his left side on the bottom of the tank in the same spot.
<Well they do tend to have personality "quirks" and each does different things to get us to pay attention.> 
Is this normal behavior of this fish?
<Could be, But I really need to know if this fish was q/ted or even freshwater dipped as it might be sick. Is it eating well, swimming normally and not having any spots etc?> 
I have just a 20 gal. tank with crushed coral bottom and 5 live rocks.
<Ok here is the problem, Not only was it not q/t ed its in a tank that is way too small for this fish. While it may be fine now and the laying on the substrate is normal (Mine does it sometimes to get more food), it will get way too large for this tank and will get sick soon if it isn't already. I hope your tank is not infected with any diseases from this fish, but please quarantine your fish for at least 4 weeks before putting them in your display. If any of them are sick or have ich then they will infect everything and its a hassle to get everything well. Also please research your fish on WWM before buying them. This fish will get 8" to 15" or more in some cases. Can you handle a 80-120 gallon tank for it?>
Thanks, John 
<Justin (Jager)> 

Niger Trigger
Hello,
<Hi. You Got Justin>
I'm not sure who to contact or who to ask, I've been reviewing some of the information your site has about Niger triggers, Anyways I have a 3/4 inch long Niger trigger...and it seems to be hiding a lot during the day and laying around (from what I've read so far this is normal)
<Yes and no.... Nigers normally swim very actively during the day and only hide when they are stressed or are being picked on or are sick with something. I am leaning toward the third.> 
But, my concern is this; his eyes are REALLY glazed over. Everything else seems to be fine, but I'm worried.  All the chemical levels are correct, and all of my other fish are completely fine. I have an angel, two clowns and a couple damsels. 
<Well it really only helps us to know the exact levels in the tank. Otherwise we cant simply take your word for it.>
If you have any ideas...or know anything that might help him I would be very thankful
~Chris
<Sure Well first I would catch the Niger and put it in its own Q/T tank for observation. The cloudy eyes are usually a symptom of poor water quality. By Q/T ing it you can help it by constantly having very high water quality and in case it is ill with something else it prevents any more transfer into your main tank. To help the fish for now go get some Epsom salt. Its sold at your grocery store. Put in 1 TSP (teaspoon) per every 5 gallons to help relieve any excess water pressure behind the eyes. Simply watch this fish and remove from q/t once the eyes heal. If they wont after giving good water quality and the Epsom salts, you might try a cloudy eye medication, but I really recommend this as a last resort. >
<Justin (Jager)> 

Injured Niger Trigger...
Help! I have a Niger Trigger, which has been in the tank for about 1 year. He's been very healthy, with no apparent problems. I noticed recently, however, white tissue surrounding his trigger. When I check on him today, the trigger is actually dangling from his body. I don't know if it was bitten off by another fish, or if he injured himself. Is this something that will correct itself (i.e. grow back), or is Nigel, my favorite fish, in trouble? Thanks for any help you can provide. Maria
<Wow! It takes some doing to damage the trigger mechanism of balistid fishes... I have a few (collected from beaches) of these anatomical beauties... they're strong! I suspect your Nigel must've really banged himself on rock, or maybe the top... Won't regrow but he will very likely live in your good care just the same. Bob Fenner>

Niger trigger with bad tooth
I have a niger trigger with a bad tooth and I'm not sure what to do
about it,
<Uh, nothing... naught to do, can be done>
I'm guessing he bit at one of the rocks too hard and pulled it
loose.  The tooth looks as if it's just lying across the bottom lip and
I've noticed he doesn't have much of an appetite.  Please help!!!!!
<Does happen... have even seen this and other trigger species in the wild with broken, missing teeth. Very likely this fish's appetite will return. Bob Fenner>

Niger trigger infection
Dear WWM crew
<Tristan>
Please can someone come to my rescue, I have a juvenile Niger trigger in my 60 gal reef tank, and have had him for about 1 month he has settled down wonderfully is not aggressive at all, not too bold or too shy, recently I noticed that his right eye was a little larger than his left, over the past few days this has grown noticeably worse, I estimate that his eye is almost 3-4 times the size of the other one with a white circle surrounding it (this may be his skin stretched) I cannot see any stress patterns on his coat, or other symptoms his behaviour has change completely very aggressive to other fish (green Chromis and clowns)  snapping his mouth and violently banging his head/eye against rock, coral, glass.
<Time to move and treat this fish... in a separate tank>
He is the largest fish in the tank, although it is a reef tank it has only a few soft corals and no anemones, I have performed 2 water changes since, I use marine salt with RO water parameters are good the tank is about 5 months old, no other fish show signs of illness, at the moment I feed him Mysis shrimp, marine flake, and small amounts of mixed sea weed.
If any one has encountered this before please can you advise on a possible treatment method, I do not think
Ol' Evil Eye Ivan will make it through the rest of the week without immediate action, I have to try something but am at a loss, I have a small 10 gal tank that can be retro fitted to act as treatment tank if that helps.
Thank you all
Tristan
<DO move this fish... with the water it's already in... to a darkened tank, with something chemically inert for it to hide behind/within AND add a level teaspoon of Epsom Salt per gallon in its water... DO monitor ammonia accumulation, and be ready to change out the treatment tank water with the old system water re-adding whatever gallonage removed in Epsom... if the ammonia approaches/exceeds 1 ppm... Your trigger likely just bumped its eye and does NOT require any chemical medicine other than the Epsom. Bob Fenner>

Triggers Scratching
I'm not sure if this is the right email to send questions to, but I saw your name on WetWeb, and thought I'd fire off a quick question for you. <No worries it got to the right place.>
(Have your books by the way, outstanding.) <I got to say Bob Fenner is amazing, but you got me, MacL with you tonight.>
-I've been battling with Niger, Blue Jaw Triggers scratching in my FOWLR set up. (100 gallons) <hmmmm>
-Have a Wet Dry, UV, Good Protein Skimmer, good circulation -Fish eat aggressively but have been scratching for about a year now.  On the sand, and the rocks. <That's truly usually a sign of parasites but could be something else irritating them.  Have you grounded the tank to make sure its not electric current?>
-Tried, KickIch, Copper, etc (knowing I was messing up my live rock)
-I've tried raising the temp to 80, lowering the salinity to 1.018. <Did any of these things help?>
-Feeding with Garlic Juice and Selcon, seems to help slightly, not much. <Selcon is vitamin C, Garlic is supposed to keep parasites from digging in. The fish aren't supposed to "taste" good after eating the garlic.>
-Increased water changes to improve maintenance practices, but haven't noticed much change.
Do triggers just scratch, or is there something in my tank causing this problem? <Triggers do scratch but usually there is a reason and its usually some type of parasites.  Have any of the things made any difference at all.>
Anything I can try at this point? <There are so many things it could be and I don't want to leave you here floundering. Please take a look at the FAQs and see if you have tried everything there. Have you considered a freshwater dip on your triggers? Sometimes that is really good for getting rid of parasites. Have you seen ANYTHING on your fish at all? Usually around the gills? Please let me know, MacL>
Thanks Bob,
Dave Block

Twitching Trigger (not finger)
Hey guys, quick question for one of you? Since you're always here and always have given me valuable feedback, I chose to continue to ask questions when I'm stumped.
<Learn to use your spell and grammar checkers...>
I just took a humu trigger out of QT for over a month because of Oodinium. I did exactly what the directions said and he had full treatment of copper. I now just put him in my display tank and he's doing well except for the fact that he keeps twitching mildly. 
<Likely from the copper exposure>
He has not a single white spot nor is he sitting on the bottom. What do you think the cause of this twitching may be? He also always has his trigger up and his coloration is real dark.
Thanks,
Jay
<Bob Fenner>

- Picasso Trigger Needs Help -
Hiya,
I have a Picasso Trigger and a Volitans Lion in a 75 gal. (1) Fluval 304; (1) Fluval 404. Lately noticing the Trigger is having trouble seeing. He can't quite grasp the food so I've resorted to putting it on a skewer for him. It appears as though both eyes are larger than before w/ white circles around them at the base. No signs of parasites (at least externally). 
Water quality: salt = 1.021; ph = 8.2; nitrates = tend to be on the high side; ammonia & nitrites = 0.
When the Lion was first introduced I caught the Trigger nibbling on his fin and wonder if perhaps he's been poisoned in same way or stung and could this lead to eye problems or trouble seeing. 
<Is a possibility.> 
Now that he's having trouble seeing, he's getting in the way of the Lion during feeding and therefore the Lion is turning on his side and then the Trigger gets into his fins. He's going into a 20 gal QT. 
<Excellent.> 
After searching your FAQ's I read about using Epsom Salt, but that all appeared to be for pop-eye. 
<I would treat as such anyway... think the Epsom salt could help reduce some of the pressure in those eyes.> 
Not sure if this is the same thing so wanted to double check before using something. 
<The Epsom salts are safe to use in the quarantine tank. As an aside, if the trigger was actually envenomated in/near/around the eyes, there is likely little you can do. All the same, I'd give a good try at getting it to eat and you've already outlined the steps that I would take. Make sure you have plenty of new water made up so you can provide frequent water changes in that 20 gallon tank.> 
Please help. Your site is always informative and extremely helpful...thank you for always being there for us hobbyist! ;)
<Cheers, J -- > 
 

Parasite on trigger? Pics Hi Bob,  <James here today> I've gotten a new Bluejaw trigger within the last few days that I purchased off of the internet. I noticed that he has something attached/coming out of one of his fins. Is this some sort of parasite, and if so, what is the best way to remove it? Here are a couple pics, one of the general fish, and the second of a zoomed in portion of the best pic I could get of the affected fin.  <Chad, I would leave well enough alone. You will cause more stress on the fish that any damage this will cause. Appears like he picked up a "sliver" of some kind. I think it will work itself out in time. James (Salty Dog)>

Sargassum trigger fish in trouble
Hi, <Hello Jeri>
I just posted to your 911 topic site and am not sure how long it takes. So I figured I would go this route as well.  I have a 46gal. saltwater tank. Up until last night we had 2 clownfish, 1 Sargassum trigger, 1 potters angel, and a blue tang. Also have 4 turbo snails & blue & red
crabs.
We noticed our clowns swimming and laying at the bottom yesterday, but eating very well. Later in the day I noticed some white patches on their skin. I called our regular fish store and asked what we should do. They said watch the fish because it could be stress from adding the Blue tang on 6/19/05. this morning both clowns were dead. Our trigger stopped eating yesterday has some white spots, eyes a bit cloudy and not swimming much today. The potters is
pale in color but swimming and eating well. Blue tang
looks great.
we do not have a QT tank. We are trying to set one up quickly, any advice is appreciated.
Our regular fish store is closed until Thursday and I don't know if our trigger can hold on that long.
Please help . I love this fish and would hate to lose him. <Jeri, your tank is a little small for keeping the fish you have.  I'm sure the bio filter didn't adjust in time and you had an ammonia spike.  I would change about 25% of the water for starters and return the blue tang.
Even without the tang, some of the fish you have grow quite large and will be producing more waste than the system can handle.  James (Salty Dog)>
Thank you,
Jeri Foraker

Sargassum trigger fish in trouble
Thank you for your response. I do appreciate it. <You're welcome> We did a 50% water change right now. However the ammonia test is still at .25ppm. The tang is pretty small right now. We were told that she will eventually outgrow this tank. The trigger is our largest fish at
about 4in. How much larger will he grow?  We were told about 5.5in. How much larger will the Potters grow? We were told not much bigger than he is. <The Potters don't get much larger than three inches.> I am a little disappointed in our LFS. We only bought from them and they knew tank size and other fish in tank. <Time to look for a new one.>
The trigger was looking better after the water change, but now he is sitting at the top of the water directly under the filter. Is realistic to believe we can save him? <Jeri, I think I would start with a healthy diet if the fish is eating.  Something on the order of Ocean Nutrition frozen cubes soaked in Selcon.  AS to size, most triggers can attain lengths of up to twelve inches.  James (Salty Dog)>

Sargassum trigger fish in trouble
The trigger died this morning. Our tang died last night. We still have our potters angel who looks good and is eating. The fish store is open today and they asked us to bring the fish in with a water sample. Hopefully they will be able diagnose what went wrong.
Any recommendation on how to find a good, reputable fish store in Boulder, CO? <I'd look in the yellow pages, visit a few stores and ask customers if they are happy with the service they are receiving.  Ask the dealer about return policies, exchanges, etc, and make a decision.  It is best to arm yourself with knowledge of the fish you are buying (easily found on the WWM), and it's requirements as to tank size, compatibility, etc.  Then ask the dealer the same questions you now know and compare answers.  I've been to dealers who showboat their customers with bs.  Also had a dealer tell me mandarins will do just fine, no live rock/copepods needed to sustain life.  James (Salty Dog)>
Thanks again,
Jeri

Re: Sargassum trigger fish in trouble 7/5/05
Unfortunately, we lost all of our fish.<Sorry to hear that.> Good news is
we think we know what went wrong. Looks like Oxygen levels became a problem which cause the stress that allowed secondary problems to emerge. A very harsh lesson to learn, especially as it cost the life of these beautiful animals. <Yes indeed>
We are allowing the tank to stay empty for at least 30
days just in case. We do have some snails and hermit
crabs that are doing well. <Good>
We have a 46gal tank with a Penguin 350 bio filter,
and 1 aqua clear powerhead rated for a 70 gal. tank.
My question is how can we better oxygenate the water
here in the mile high city of Denver?
What can we do or change?  I've heard switching to a
sump filter (Is that the same as a wet/dry filter?) or
adding a protein skimmer. <I'd start with making sure you have at least 460 gallons per hour of circulation.  A wet/dry would be the best way of improving your oxygen levels.  The bio balls in the sump breaks the water down that allows for near 100% oxygen saturation.  If you have an air pump you could drill a hole the size of the airline tubing and put the line in the bio ball chamber.>
By the way I was looking at the articles on the
website and the one on aeration is blank. Just thought
you should know. <I'll pass this on to Mr. Fenner.> <<Is yet another, as yet unwritten article/place holder for a FAQs file. RMF>>
Thanks for your help. <You're welcome, James (Salty Dog)>
Jeri

Re: Sargassum trigger fish in trouble 7/5/05
I am not sure I understand when you say 460gph of circulation.  Is that from the filter, powerhead, or combination of both? Our filter does 350gph & powerhead does 400gph. Should both the filter & powerhead be rated for 460gph? <A combination of all.  James Gasta (Salty Dog)>
Hope you have a Happy & Safe 4th of July. <I'll have a safe holiday unless I get hit by lightning.  Daughter's wedding coming up....keeping us broke.
Thanks,
Jeri

Twitching Trigger (not finger)
Hey guys, quick question for one of you? Since you're always here and always have given me valuable feedback, I chose to continue to ask questions when I'm stumped.
<Learn to use your spell and grammar checkers...>
I just took a humu trigger out of QT for over a month because of Oodinium. I did exactly what the directions said and he had full treatment of copper. I now just put him in my display tank and he's doing well except for the fact that he keeps twitching mildly. 
<Likely from the copper exposure>
He has not a single white spot nor is he sitting on the bottom. What do you think the cause of this twitching may be? He also always has his trigger up and his coloration is real dark.
Thanks,
Jay
<Bob Fenner>

Triggers, copper
Ok thanks. In your book you mention that triggers have high tolerance to copper treatments. Considering, I did exactly what the directions said and didn't overdose, how come this affected mine? If his twitching is from copper exposure, does this mean it damaged him permanently? Will this ever stop?
Thanks again
<Likely your balistid will be fine. Bob Fenner>