Black ray shrimp goby... hlth? and FOWLR set-up   04/17/2008
Greetings and salutations -
<<Hi Angela, Andrew today>>
Just wanted to update you on Spike. Unfortunately, he did not make it through this.
<<Awww.. very unfortunate. A good lesson learned perhaps? No matter how time is spent in the hobby, were always learning new lessons, new information. Our quest for knowledge is always thirsty>>
I can't help but think it was nutritional or some type of toxin released from the digging in the sand done by his pistol shrimp companion. Anyway, thanks again so much for your help and advise. All others in that tank continue to do well.
<<Glad to hear everyone else is just great>>
On a different note, I just want to re-iterate what you and the "crew" say over and over again...a quarantine and/or hospital tank is so important to have in this hobby!! People should absolutely take this advise from you guys. I have a 6 gallon Eclipse tank going at all time.
This also serves to keep my salt water that I have moving and up to temperature for my weekly water changes, or if I need an emergency change. I will probably go back to making my own salt water eventually, but for now I continue to get it from the LFS and adjust it to fit the tank.
<<Ahhhhh yes. A small, but very essential system, which is so many times overlooked, or thought of as " Blah, my fish will be fine, i don't need anything like a quarantine or hospital. And when the times arrives that one is needed, they then start to kick themselves, and the words arise "If only i had listened / accepted that i need one". Again, a lesson for people to learn>>
Andrew -
No rush on an answer and you don't have to post this unless you feel it is important, but, I really would like to pick your brain a bit on a good set-up for a larger tank.
<<Will answer while were together here and will post as always>>
If I am interested in getting a 75-90 gallon FOWLR, how would you outfit it (i.e.-how would you set it up for yourself)?
<<Well, lets take 75 as an example...For me, i would go with 1 - 1.5lbs of live rock per gallon of tank water, 2 - 3 inch sandbed, a good skimmer like AquaC urchin or Deltec, 30 - 40 gallon sump with refugium, 2 Hydor Koralia #4 powerheads, and lighting would all depend on if corals would be had further down the line, probably a mid-range 200w T5 unit with individual reflectors>>
<<That's about the sump of a 75 if i was to put one together>>
With all the choices, I really do not know who else to turn to. I assume that part of this answer will depend on the type of fish that I would be interested in stocking in the tank.
<<Fish wise, the tank setup does not really make that much difference in my opinion, as its the fish compatibility with each other is the determining factor>>
I must say that I really enjoy a peaceful set-up and do not care as much for the higher maintenance fish. Any and all of your sage advise is welcome!
Thanks again for all the good work you guys do for us 'aqua heads'!
Angela
<<Thanks for the nice mail/comments. I hope the above helps to lead you down the path of success, and by all means, if you want to press further down setting a new system up and want more advise, I'm always an email away. Good day and regards, A Nixon>>

Transferring to a new FOWLR Tank 1/25/08
Crew,
<Hello Scott.>
This site has been a godsend. I'd been heavily involved in the hobby twenty years ago, but as a conservationist, couldn't justify the unsustainable way much of it was conducted.
Discovering "The Conscientious Marine Aquarist," and later this website, has made it possible to enjoy the hobby with a much quieter conscience.
To Bob Fenner and the rest of the WWM crew, thanks.
<Thank you, it is great to hear from a fellow aquarist that looks at the big picture.>
We got into marine aquariums again really by accident - four years ago my then-fiancée, who ran a large Audubon center on the Chesapeake Bay and kept marine natives, was given two tanks full of tropical marine fish and inverts by someone being transferred out of the region. Two years later, after we were married, we moved both tanks here to Pennsylvania without the loss of a critter.
<Common for a gift to start the bug.>
The smaller tank is a 30g FO with a royal Gramma and blue damsel, along with inverts including hermits, urchins and a banded coral shrimp. The other is a 55g FOWLR with an Amiracle wet/dry, stocked with a purple tang and A. melanopus clown, each about 4 inches long, an enormous anemone (uncertain ID; it, like everything else, came with the setup), some leather coral and a few urchins, along with about 50 pounds of live rock that has become completely engulfed in hundreds of red mushrooms, despite my ruthless efforts at control. We do 20 percent R/O water changes every other week. No skimmer, but nitrates consistently test out at zero.
<Sounds nice.>
Our plan is to start fresh with a 75g FOWLR setup, get it well established, then move the fish and inverts - but not the old live rock or mushrooms! - from the other tanks. We'll keep the 30g with the damsel as a quarantine tank, and the mushrooms will go to our LFS for store credit.
<OK>
What I'd like to do is give you an overview of our intended setup, walk through our plans for making the transition, and see if you have any suggestions or concerns.
<OK>
The new setup will consist of a 75g tank; Nova Extreme Pro 4x54 T5HO lights; Eshopps 20g sump with a Tunze skimmer, 100 lbs of cultured Fiji rock and 40 lbs. of live sand. We'll set up the tank, make sure everything's running smoothly, then install the live rock/sand and give it about a month to settle in and cure. (I'm skeptical of mail-order dealer claims that their rock comes fully cured.)
<Yes, some curing time after you receive it should be planned for .>
Then I'll move the Gramma, give it a chance to get comfortable, then the tang and clown? I'd prefer to wait on the anemone and the other inverts until the fish have been in a few weeks and I'm sure the water quality is OK, though I'm uncertain whether I should move the anemone with the clown. I hate to separate them, since they're symbionts, but I also hate to risk the anemone. Suggestions?
<I would wait a bit to move the inverts, anemone in particular. They need an established, stable system. The clown will do fine without it for a while.>
We don't plan to add much livestock to the new tank, beyond a couple dozen small hermits and more snails for algae control (the tang does a good job grazing). Once the new tank is well established, though, I'd like to add a Hawaiian-caught Auriga or raccoon butterfly, but worry that might be crowding things.
<Likely it would in a 75G.>
I'm on the fence about the skimmer, since we've managed for years with a wet/dry and live rock, no skimmer and zero nitrates, even though wet/dries are supposed to cause nitrate problems.
<They do, your nitrate is possibly being used up by the algae mentioned above as it is produced.>
This project is a huge investment for us, and a good skimmer like the Tunze isn't cheap.
<Consider a skimmer from AquaC, ASM or EuroReef also. You can find some good deals out there and will likely find your water quality situation degrade as the fish grow.>
Finally, any thoughts regarding an auto-top off system? I'm thinking about a Tunze Osmolator, and would welcome your input.
<Auto top offs are a must in my opinion. The Tunze Osmolator is the best of the best for this. There are many safeties built in.>
Thanks in advance for your help,
Scott
<Welcome, best wishes, Scott V.>
Transferring to a new FOWLR Tank 1/26/08
Scott,
Many thanks for the quick reply and sage advice, which we'll follow.
Scott
<Great! Congratulations on the new tank, Scott V.>

Large Tank Filtration Switch 1/19/08
I really hate doing this after the fact but here we go. I am running a 500 gallon acrylic FOWLR that’s been up for 4 years now. it is lightly stocked with appropriate fish purchased as babies who will grow into it with plenty of space.
<OK>
I woke up this morning to nitrate readings off the charts.
<Not good.>
Everything else is fine. I have 500 pounds of live rock and 3" of live sand. Heavy filtration that turns the tank over 12 times an hour and very aggressive protein skimming in the sump. The only person I knew to talk to was my LFS guy who after coming to my house told me the trickle filter is so loaded with muck that it is the nitrate issue.
<They very often are detritus traps/nitrate producers.>
Part of this is my fault as I am a disabled veteran who can get distracted and my fish have been doing marvelously and the ammonia, nitrites, ph and spec grav have been right on.
<I’ll have to take your word on that.>
I haven’t tested the nitrate in a while.
<That raises the question of whether something caused a spike in nitrate or if it has accumulated over time.>
Anyhow the guy told me to ditch the bioballs immediately and fill the 55 gallon sump with cured liverock and algae.
<This will be a superior setup. Do consider at least a section of this (the more the better) with a deep sand bed for nitrate reduction. One thing to be cautious of is that the rock may go through another curing process. If it was truly cured rock you may possibly avoid this altogether.>
He said this is the way to go and is replacing the old trickle filters. He also told me to do a 20% h20 change and another in 48 hours as well as reducing fish feeding and siphoning any detritus found. I was then told to look you guys up on the web, which I did, and found your section on trickle filters and found you recommend slowly removing bioballs.
<Generally safer, it gives the rest of the system time to account for the removal of the bioballs.>
I asked the LFS guy this and he said I was in a dire emergency and needed to get the nitrates down or I was in for disaster.
<It is a problem that needs to be addressed.>
I hope I haven’t brought disaster on myself by doing this drastic change.
<Assuming that your tank is indeed properly stocked and the new rock does not go through another curing phase after being moved to your tank, all will be well. Just keep an eye on your ammonia and nitrite levels, if you read any more water changes will be in order. >
I fine tuned my skimmer and am getting as much skimmate as I can and hoping for the best.
<Good.>
The fish show no signs of stress which I find amazing due to the unreal levels read today.
<Good sign.>
8 hours after the change they were down to between 80 and 160 on the strip (yikes) but half what they were earlier.
<Heading in the right direction.>
I prize my fish and feel horrible I failed to do my job on checking nitrates and feel plain sick. My prize is a huge red Coris wrasse whom I dearly love and would be heartbroken if he didn’t make it due to my stupidity. I am not going to get much/any sleep tonight and would really appreciate any advice you can give me including whether or not the advice the LFS guy gave me as far as h20 changes and feeding are good ideas.
<It is sound advice.>
Thank you very much in advance.
<Keep doing water changes to lower your nitrate levels. Feeding sparingly and the changes you made to the filtration system will definitely help. Do consider the DSB in at least the refugium area. Sleep easy, Scott V>

FOWLR Setup for Messy Eaters 12/3/07
Hi all!
<Hello Brian.>
Previous question was answered quickly and wonderfully! Thanks! (Just ordered that book too, Conscientious Aquarist).
<Wonderful to hear, I’ll pass it on. You will love the book!>
Now that I've buttered you VERY helpful folks up, here's my question.
<Any popcorn?>
I have an empty 125gal (72x18x22 external dimension) that I'm thinking about turning into a Fish Only tank. It is not drilled. I've gotten different
ideas on how to set it up for optimal fish happiness. One guy tells me he's had good success using non-live rocks and UGF's with a protein skimmer.
<This does work, my first marine tank was setup like this many years ago.>
Another person I talked to says to skip the UGF and get LR and a protein skimmer.
<The way to go, maybe even with a deep sand bed to help with nitrate.>
Both tell me the other is blowing gas, especially if I want to keep messy eaters.
<Both can work, the later just works better.>
Either way, would it be best to get an overflow box and a sump?
<If you can, yes.>
Would canisters filled with LR work in place of a sump?
<There is very little to be gained doing this. A canister can be used for mechanical/chemical filtration if cleaned frequently. Your biological filtration will take place mainly with the live rock in the display. A sump gives you the advantage of the possibility of a better protein skimmer, more water volume, and keeping equipment out of the display. Do consider either drilling the tank or having it drilled for the overflow if you go the sump route.>
If I can, I would prefer LR, after reading about how beneficial it is. But if it is not enough for messy feeders, I'm not averse to weekly or even bi-weekly maintenance of the UGF.
<The live rock is very beneficial. It will provide just as effective biofiltration as the UGF, and will allow you to provide the mechanical filtration through a means that is easier to clean (usually a filter sock).>
Please advise and thanks again!
Brian lost between two opinions.
<Very often the way in the world of aquaria, now you have a third! Welcome, Scott V.>

Re: FOWLR Setup for Messy Eaters 1/4/07
Thanks Scott for the response!
<Happy to help Brian.>
I was looking at drilling tanks and found that drilling tempered tanks (by me) may not be the best idea. I'd rather not have a glass "sculpture" in my
living room. (Maybe I can sell it off for millions as contemporary art?).
<The bottom is likely tempered. Do check with the tank manufacturer if your back is tempered, chances are it is not. You can overflow through the back too. If you find a buyer for such art, please let me know, I have many old tanks I can bust up!>
I was looking at hang-on overflow boxes. Would these work in conjunction with the LR to keep the water clean with messy eaters in it?
<It would work fine.>
I understand these work by suction, so it would be prudent to have 2.
<Highly recommended to have redundancy with these and any overflows.>
Do overflow boxes come with a GPH rating?
<They should, but the bulkhead the box uses on the backside is usually the true limiting flow factor with these boxes.>
How should I match it up with the return pump GPH rating?
<If you have two boxes, there will be nothing wrong with matching the pump’s flow at the head height you have to the full flow capacity a box/bulkhead. This will leave you with each box being able to handle the pump’s flow should the other box fail.>
For example, should one be higher than the other?
<If anything, have the pump flow less than the box/bulkhead can handle.>
Or should I just use a variable ball valve to balance everything out myself?
<If you get a larger pump than needed, you will need to. Don’t try to balance the flow right on the verge of what the box/bulkhead can handle. Leave yourself some margin of safety for things getting partially plugged.>
Scott also mentioned a filter sock. Is this just like what it sounds? A sock placed somewhere where water gets forced through it trapping particulates?
<Yes, usually the overflow line is dumped into the sock hung on the inside of your sump.>Thanks again guys! You've been very helpful!
Brian learning a little bit.
<Welcome, keep reading and learning, have fun, Scott V.>

Starting a 55 gal FOWLR...    8/30/07
Hi everybody, love this site.
<Glad you find yourself in it...>
First off you guys have helped me out a lot already,
<Chris... it's disrespectful to send along such poor grammar writing... makes it very hard to read, correct before posting...>
since this is my first salt set up have had fresh for many years). Just some simple little questions I was having trouble looking up.Im using a wet/dry for up 125 gal w/overflow( for when i up grade),2 maxi jet 1200`s for movement,approx 40 lbs live rock (got this from a 2-3 year old tank,lots of coralline on it), and 2-3 inch sand bed not live). Tank has been cycling for 4 days now. My questions are. One ,my pre filter and filter pads are getting really dirty is there a prob cleaning or changing these if not what to clean them with)Don`t want to disrupt the cycling process.
<Likely not, though as you will read, I am not a fan of wet-dry filtration by and large period>
Second I want to add a skimmer under tank out of the way no more room in back), but I have read here that it should go before it enters the wet dry, but also they shouldn't be used with the pre filter from the over flow, and not to place it in the sump/return part(wont create good skim here).So where should it be placed and how do I set it up(pics would be good) What kind do you recommend.
<This is posted...>
Third and last. Is it norm for the tank water to have an odder to it the past day or so pardon the pun, but fishy).Ive been testing the water and so far I have SPGR @ 1.022
<I would raise this...>
PH @ 8.2 AMMONIA 0.2 NITRITE 0.0
NITRATE 0.0
Thanks in advance...Chris
<Keep reading... and using your spellchecker. BobF>

Quarantine Question 7/29/07, FOWLR set-up...    7/30/07
Hello there crew,
<Hello>
I'm a newbie in the marine aquarium hobby. After reading two books (including Bob's) and looking through your awesome website, I have bought my equipment slowly over the last few months and finally started my FOWLR system. I have a 65 gallon tank with around 70 pounds of Vanuatu and Indonesian Live Rock which I put in three weeks ago. I am using the Remora Pro as a skimmer. I'm also running an Eheim canister filter for the water circulation (without the media) and to store the Chemi-Pure units. In addition, I am using two Maxi-Jet 1200 powerheads for extra circulation.
Since the rocks were fully cured, it cycled very quickly with no spikes in ammonia and nitrites. I added 10 Turbo Snails and Hermits last week to start cleaning some of the algae. Does this sound O.K. so far?
<So far so good.>
How long shall I wait for the aquarium to mature before I do my first water change?
<I would start now.>
I plan on doing everything by the textbook, therefore I just bought a 20 gallon Marineland aquarium kit with bio-wheel as a quarantine tank. I just put the bio-wheel in the canister today in order to populate it with bacteria. Is this the correct way to go about it?
<It should work.>
If so, how long should it be in there now that the main aquarium is fully cycled?
<Couple of weeks ideally.>
Once I put the bio-wheel back in, I will use tank water from weekly water changes to put in the QT as suggested in Bob's book and on this website.
<Good.>
I appreciate all the help from this website. it really helps to break down myths and barriers that novices like me might have about the hobby:-)
Joe
<Welcome to hobby.>
<Chris>

Setting up a 75 Gallon FOWLR system 7/26/07
I am returning to SW aquariums after being away from it for 20 years. <Welcome back>
Since things have changed a bit, I would like a bit of advice so I get off to a good start.
I'm setting up a 75 Gallon FOWLR system and here is what I have acquired so far:
75 Gallon Aquarium (All-Glass)
Tank Cover (All-Glass)
Aquarium Stand
Wood Shims to Level Aquarium Stand
Dark Blue Paint for Back of Aquarium
15 Amp Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
Plug Strips
Jager 250 watt heater
Nova Extreme T-5 w Lunar Lights 48" Aquarium Light (4 bulbs, 216 watts)
2 Timers for the lights
3 Maxi-Jet Powerhead 1200 (295 gph) with Pre filter sponges for circulation
3 Sure Grip 50 Magnetic Powerhead Holders
Instant Ocean Salt (160 gal mix)
Instant Ocean Box type Hydrometer <Get a refractometer, much better than hydrometers.>
Stick on Thermometer <Get a stand alone variety, the stick-ons are notoriously inaccurate.>
I still need to Purchase the following items:
Live Rock
Gravel or Sand (to be seeded from the live rock) <Sand>
Non- Live rock (to be seeded from the live rock)
Test Kits
Protein Skimmer - Aqua C Remora Pro (Mag drive 3 pump) with Drain Fitting. <Nice>
I do not plan on using a sump under the tank.
Questions?
Should I cover the Tank or not? <Up to you, may help save the lights.>
A: if it is covered will it prevent proper gas transfer?
<As long as it is not sealed it will be fine.>
B: if Not covered if there a mesh material to keep the fish from jumping out and still allow for gas transfer? <Many use lighting eggcrate.>
Do I need to add a canister filter or does the protein skimmer take the place of it?
(I have never used a protein skimmer before, so this is new to me)
<The rock and skimmer combine to do the functions of the canister, not necessary in my opinion unless you are very heavily stocked.>
Is crushed coral good to use as gravel, and should I add a bag of pre-packaged live sand to it or just let it seed from the live rock? <Skip the crushed coral and just use aragonite sand, the LR will seed it given a little time.>
Where is a good place to purchase live rock online?
<Any of the major retailers, Drs. Foster Smith, Marine Depot to name a couple.>
Where is a good place to purchase non-live rock online?
<Same, or google search and see what you can find.>
What am I missing?
<Nothing major, just make sure you have buckets, hoses, etc for water changes.>
Thank you,
Harry
<Welcome>
<Chris>

Time to do it right.... SW FOWLR set-up, reading  – 07/24/07
I have had aquariums for a long time. For the last two years I've been 'successful' with my experiences with saltwater. I have just purchased a 265 gallon pre-drilled aquarium. I obviously intend to use a wet/dry,
<Might I ask... why this adverb?>
but am unsure about what size sump to use. I'm going to make my own wet/dry as it seems relatively easy to do. In a 110 right now I have a Volitans Lion,
<Mis-mixed here...>
Humu Humu, Niger, Rectangulatus, Miniata grouper, Lunare Wrasse, Stripped Dog Face puffer, and a snowflake eel. I have about 80 lbs. of live rock, an undergravel filter w/ two 802's and two emperor 400's. My protein skimmer is on the tank but rarely am I satisfied with it's performance (probably through fault of my own).
<Seek out a better make/model...>
My dilemma... I've been overstocked and been short on proper filtration all of my days in the hobby. With such a nice tank coming I want to finally have a legit set up. How big should my sump be...
<... posted>
I thought about a 75 gallon aquarium with a 5 gallon bucket of bio-balls? Should the liverock be in the tank or in the sump?
<Nah>
Could I hang Aqua Clear 110's on the side of the sump for extra filtration??
<Could you???>
Any help would be great. I've read a lot of articles on the site, it's great. I just would love a more 'personal' reply. Thanks a million!!! Ryan
<Welcome in number, kind... Keep reading. Bob Fenner>

Setting up a New 30 Gallon FOWLR - Looking for Assurance 7/16/07
Hello Crew,
<Hi>
Your site is has an incredible amount of information on it. I've been digesting what I can over the past month or so.
<Great>
I've just acquired a 30 Gallon tank (30x12x18), and I've made my first equipment purchases.
<OK>
I would just like to go over briefly what I plan to do, I do not have a lot of overflow budget, so I would like to try and avoid any unexpected expenses and stress in the environment I have planned to create. Perhaps you have alternative suggestions to my setup - I don't know anyone around me that has a SW tank right now.
<Lets take a look.>
I have purchased:
- AquaC Remora Protein Skimmer (Hang-On) w/Maxi-Jet 1200
- AquaC Remora Skimmer Attachment
- 30" Coralife PC Lights 65w (1xActinic, 1x10k)
- 2 Maxi-Jet 1200 Powerheads
- 1 Maxi-Jet 900 Powerhead
- 2 150w Aquarium Systems Heaters
- Instant Ocean Salt Mix
- A few other testing, and cleaning supplies
My next phase involves purchasing:
- 40-50 lbs of Live Sand (CaribSea) <Does not have to be live, will be seeded by the LR, can save money here.>
- 40-50 lbs of Live Rock (Most likely Tonga, seems to be most readily
available) <Might be more than you will need, might want to start with closer to 30 lbs and see how it fills up the tank.>
- What is a good testing kit that you would recommend?
<Most of the name brands are adequate, check out here for all of our thoughts on this, http://www.wetwebmedia.com/mtestbrands.htm .>
I will then:
0. Treat water with Prime, let sit for a week with Powerhead, and 1 heater
(All water from this point on)
<At some point you may wish to look into an RO/DI unit depending on the quality of your source water.>
1. Set up water (1.024), run skimmer and powerheads, and 1 heater for a week
2. Disconnect power, remove about 50% water, place live rock and live sand
3. Top up with newly mixed water, test to 1.024, startup equipment again
4. Test and wait until Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate are at 0
6. Perform water changes once a week (15%-25%)
7. Add some snails and small crabs (For cleaning, from what I understand, algae will begin to develop) <Yep>
8. A few weeks later, I would like to add 1 or 2 clowns (Not sure what kind)
<One of the small ones, Amphiprion ocellaris, Amphiprion percula, maybe one of the skunks.>
That's about as far as I've gotten. I would plan on maybe adding at most 1 or 2 more smaller fish. I would also like to add 2 or 3 easy-to-keep corals to "beautify" the landscape. <Lots of choices here, should be workable.>
I would like to keep maintenance to a minimum - I will be cleaning skimmer, stirring sand, and doing water changes, testing once a week. It is currently placed directly beside my couch, so you can sit and watch the tank right beside you at eye level (I built the stand, it's quite a nice location) so the visual aspect of the tank is most important.
<Will be tough to hide problems here. Sounds close to my maintenance regiment, takes me 20 minutes or so once a week now, little more when I got started.>
Concerns:
- At what stage do I turn the lights on? I would like to encourage growth on the live rocks as early as possible. <Whenever you want, can be from day 1.>
- Is there anything else to do to encourage growth on live rock in the initial setup stage? <Not really, just don't add predators (fish) and give them time to establish.>
- Is mechanical filtration necessary? I understand it would be good to invest in a hang-on for the purpose of putting in carbon filtration once in a while, but is that it? <I run a very small, very cheap powerfilter to place poly-filters or carbon in from time to time, otherwise just adds water movement.>
- How much should I be concerned about shifting the sand around? I don't mind stirring it around every time I do a water change. I've heard that brittle stars are a good choice here. <I rarely if ever really touch my sand, a serpent star could help some here, otherwise some of the burrowing snails are probably a better choice.>
- Are there any medications/additives that I should have on hand in case anything happens? My LFS is pretty far away, and I'm not able to just get up and go on a whim. <Yes, and a cheap QT tank will serve you well, check out here for more
http://www.wetwebmedia.com/quaranti.htm
http://www.wetwebmedia.com/mardisindex.htm .>
- Water flow. From above, you can see I will have a Maxi1200 coming from Protein skimmer, and 3 extra pumps to play with. Ideally, I would like to use one of those for mixing around the water in the garbage bin while it is sitting for a week. Both 1200's in the tank? The 1200 and the 900? And what about pump positioning? This is one topic I have not seen a lot on, except "Create optimal flow for it's inhabitants". Initially, I will place pumps pointing at the live rock to wash away detritus. Otherwise - one at each end, facing each other? Near the top of the tank? Middle? Any insight here would be great.
<I would really prefer a few smaller pumps to 1 or 2 large one. What you are going for here is turbulent flow, often done by aiming them at each other, limits dead spots, keeps stuff suspended for removal by the skimmer.>
- Light spectrum. I've noticed Actinic (6500k) and White 10k are "standard fare" what results do you get moving up or down the light spectrum?
<Different spectrums bring out different colors in some livestock, but I would recommend sticking with "daylight" bulbs.>
Otherwise - I've been reading, reading, reading. I haven't even received my lights yet, so I'm not in any rush - But I would just like to do it right the first time!
Any suggestions or comments would be GREATLY appreciated. I will continue to read your site with avid pleasure!
I'll be sure to write back when I have my tank setup as well :)
<Please do.>
Thank you so much for your input. I will always continue to read here!
Adam
<QT QT QT, that’s my big push, otherwise seems like you are on the right path.>
<Chris>

Starting a New FOWLR or Possibly a Reef 7/3/07
I have a 46 gallon bowfront that I have broken down after an unsuccessful attempt at a predator tank thanks to a killer Niger Trigger, <Much to small for this fish, probably made this aggressive fish even more aggressive.> Now I am wanting to try a more peaceful tank. I currently have two emperor 400s and I am about to purchase a CoraLife protein skimmer to satisfy filtration needs. <Please see here http://www.wetwebmedia.com/corllfeskmrfaqs.htm > I am looking at Fiji Premium Live rock online and I was wondering if 45 lbs will be enough. <Should be, although I probably have closer to 55 or 60 lbs now in my 46.> Is it more beneficial to have all premium live rock or should I save money and buy base rock? <If you are patient base rock will become live rock with time and lack of predators (fish).> Also, I need advice on powerheads because excessive water flow was an issue in my predator tank because the Power heads were to big. <I run 5 Maxijet 900s in mine.> If I am adding 40 lbs of live sand plus the rock, how long do you expect it to take for my tank to cycle so I can add livestock?
Thanks,
Brian
<Probably take around a month to cycle, then up to 6 months to really stabilize, stock very lightly initially.>
<Chris>

Get it right the 1st time advice needed!!  FOWLR Set-up   5/31/07
Thanks for having a web site like yours.
<You got it, buddy!>
I'm looking to set up a 55 gal marine aquarium.
<FOWLR or Reef?>
I'm at the stage of the process to buy electrical components. ie skimmer, powerheads, lights, etc...
<Fun times...>
My question is, what brands of manufacturers make the lowest power consuming products?
<Hmm, not sure there is such a thing, exactly. The choices will definitely depend on which way you go with your livestock selections.>
I will go with a VHO setup for lights since I can always upgrade if I want to try stonies.
<Ahh, so you *do* plan to keep corals?>
Mainly, I'm concerned with the powerheads and heater.
<Ahh, I personally have a few preferences in the heater department, but not necessarily in the powerhead department. I love the (formerly EBO) Jager line of heaters. They were the first dependable, quality heaters on the market as far as I'm concerned. For powerheads, I like MaxiJet, but I haven't had a lot of experience with all the others except the old mainstays (Rio and Hagen). >
Filters and skimmers would be great as well.
<You can find some recommendations here if you look... I'll leave it up to you.>
Thanks in advance!!
<You're welcome! ...To the hobby, too!
-GrahamT>

Tank planning ahoy, FOWLR tank    5/3/07
Hi from Brisbane, Australia.  What a website!  Your indefatigable helpfulness and politeness is a real breath of fresh air in an often unhelpful and sometimes impolite world.
<Thank you... and Welcome>
I have bought an 6x2x2 drilled glass tank for which I am planning my filtration.  It will be a FOWLR tank.  I plan a 3' sump with live rock on top of a 6" DSB with 24x7 lit macro-algae.  I am considering a second 2' sump for extra water capacity and flexibility, it will house 2 heaters, TBD skimmer, maybe a DIY FSB and the return pump.
<Sounds good thus far>
I have read many of your FAQ digests, and they are a wonderful source of info.  I have a couple more Qs though.
1. Where is the best place to put some cured live rock to seed the BSD with critters, in the display tank or in the first or second sump?
<The first sump... the refugium...>
2. WRT plumbing the second sump to the first, I think I may prop up the first sump 3" higher than the second and drill and bulkhead the top of the end pane, to allow a gravity overflow into the second sump?  Have you seen any such plumbing work or fail in the past?
<Many times have seen this done... either a difference in elevation, and/or a large diameter connection (maybe two 2" ID lines)>
3. Won't ANY dead sand or substrate become 'live' after some time, even if you don't buy live sand from the LFS?
<Yes... See WWM re... most "LS" commercially is made... by such exposure to LR>
4. If I have a 1" dusting of CC in the display tank, how do you stop high circulation blowing it everywhere and exposing the glass bottom in places?
<Becomes less "free" in time... rinse initially, avoid too much close circulation in the first few weeks...>
5. (Cringe) Can I collect beach sand (either wet, dry, rinsed or unrinsed) to use for the DSB?  I am patient to wait for it to colonize from the live rock.
<Can, could... Please read: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/lsseldiyfaqs.htm
and the linked files above>
6. MUD - Is it feasible to get mud from a local mangrove to use as the DSB instead of CC or aragonite?
<Can, could...>
From my readings, I suspect that the magic mud is just fine silt/mud particles that are brimming with diverse biological life.
<Along with possible pests, pollution...>
7. We are in the worst drought conditions ever recorded here in Brisbane.  Do you think that the salt from water changes onto my yard grass kill it definitely?
<Too likely so>
I can't quite bare the thought of running 10% water changes down the drain with our current restrictions!  The cichlid water always did so well on the grass!
<I'd avoid placing seawater on your landscape period>
My most gracious thanks to you all.
Glen
<Welcome! Bob Fenner>

Designing\building new saltwater setup, Yahhoooo, were going "BIG"  - 04/23/07
Hi, WWM crew !
<Greetings! GrahamT with you today (Sorry for the huge delay).>      
First, lets get this out of the way, I have become a marine junky having all of your knowledge at my disposal. THANK YOU !!!
<Welcome! Very good to have positive feedback.>
You have my brain thirsting for more information to the point that I am up all hours reading about how to set up my ultimate aquarium and take care of its inhabitants.
<Our ultimate goal.>
      I have already made the mistake of going too small with two marine 12 gallon tanks.  I wish I read first and bought later.
<Happens, and mistakes are best learned from.>
Thanks to "THE CREW"  I  was able to turn things around and keep the two 2" tomato clowns alive and also watch the male to female change in the one clown that looks promising for little ones!  But anyway, I have decided to go BIG!!!  At least big for my home\situation. I am so excited, I feel like a kid again.  The whole family is excited ! A piece of the ocean in our living room, imagine that.  
<I love your enthusiasm!>
     The tank will contain mostly fish and live rock with a few inverts.  
<Sessile or motile?>
It is 44x24x24 (110 gallon acrylic Tru vu) with two overflows (back corners) with 1.5" drains and a 1" return (back center,1" below water level).  I plan on reducing the one inch return inside the tank for a 3\4"  T spray bar  with four 3\4" outlets.  I will have a swing check-valve and a gate valve on the return close to tank for flow control\safety.  It will be returned by a submersible MAG-18  pump that should move close to 1300 gph with the 3'6" rise from the sump.  The sump is 30x16x16 acrylic with twin micron socks for the overflow drains on the left and a refugium on the right side, mostly to grow Calurpia <Caulerpa.> and Copepods.  In the middle is where the Aqua-C EV 180 will sit powered by the MAG-7 pump.  I also have purchased two 200 watt Jager HD heaters that I would like to use in the sump?  
<?>
Inside the tank I am going to use two JBJ Submariner clarifier\powerheads(132gph each) on all the time and the internal 7 watt UV lights just in case or occasional use.  
<Ok, I guess it won't hurt... but help, not likely either.>
I already have these and want to use them at least to move water around to clear up any dead zones in tank,  one on each side mounted on the overflow housings.
<Good plan. Was worried you hoped they would keep your system "clean.">
    I plan on having a six inch bed of medium sand that  will be seeded  by my existing 40 pounds of live sand and 30 pounds of live rock and 24 gallons or so of water  from my two other 12g tanks.  
<Good plan. Should be up in short order.>
I have two 20" 40 watt  SmartPaq CF Satellite fixtures with moon led that I will be using to get  the tank started.  I would like to cycle for a couple months with the two clownfish I have to adequately raise the bacteria level.  
<I agree with the couple of months, but not the use of the clowns.>
I am hoping two small fish would not spike the levels during the first month with the new water volume?  
<They will be stressed by a spike, and this is why we (at WWM) discourage their use in cycling your setup. The setup will do it's job without the livestock. Keep one of your small systems up instead, and monitor the water conditions until the spike stabilizes instead.>
   Please give me any advice\criticism that may continue to lead me in the right direction.  I need to bounce my particular info off of people I admire/respect such as yourselves in this time of uncertainty.  My custom tank order will be finalized sometime later today.  I am very open to suggestions, etc. as I really want to succeed at saltwater. I can't afford not to.   
<I apologize again for the lag on my end. Perhaps I should have left this post to others with more time. Hopefully you are still on track and aren't stressing out the clowns. If you are, you are right in thinking they will live through it in all likelihood. Your system should be safe in a few weeks, but I still like the months or more wait. The longer you wait, the more stability you invite.>
Thanks again,  Mark.     
<You are welcome, Mark
-GrahamT>

New FOWLR Set-Up; Plumbing  4/17/04
Hello WWM Crew –
<Hi Brian.>
I am converting my 125 gallon All-Glass aquarium to a FOWLR and your site is an invaluable guide…thank you!
<Thank you for the compliments.>
I will have basic full-spectrum lighting and would like the set-up to be as quiet and easy maintenance as possible.  I’d like to give you a run-down of my plans and get your input/suggestions.  
<Okay.>
I drilled holes for two 1.5” bulkheads for overflow (will use a “T” from each bulkhead open at the top) into a 29 gallon sump
<Could work, but a little small for a 125 gallon tank for my tastes...personal preference with water volume/adding things down the road.>
which will be divided by baffles into 3 sections as described on WWM with LR in the center section.
<A small refugium, very cool.>
  BTW, to drill the bulkhead holes I purchased a drill bit from Diamond Drill & Tool and would highly recommend them.  
Other equipment includes:
-          Euro-reef RS100 protein skimmer (RS135 is too tall)
-          Mag Drive 9 for the sump return with 4’ head to feed a            “closed loop” manifold with 4 x ½” nozzles
<If you can work it out; I prefer not to split the return so much. If you want a closed loop manifold, I recommend a dedicated pump to this.  That's not to say this won't work just not what I would do.>
-          Tunze Nano Stream 6045 for extra flow
-          Jager 150 watt heater (x2)
-          1” aragonite substrate
-          150 pounds of LR
-          20 gallon QT
<Sounds like it's well planned.>
Unfortunately we have not decided on the inhabitants but will carefully choose for proper compatibility.
<Very good.>
Am I on the right track with this tank?  
> what you have told me; appears that way.>
Any suggestions will be greatly appreciated.  Thank you so much for all the effort you put into WWM!
Freezing in Pittsburgh,
<Windy in SoCal.>
Brian
<Adam J.>

Starting a FOWLR & Invertebrates 4/16/07
Hi WWM Crew,
<Hello>
Let me start out by saying your site is a great help.
<Thanks.>
I am currently cycling a 29gal tank (30x12x18) for my first saltwater tank that I hope to one-day make a FOWLR & inverts. I am not sure what would be a good mix with in my tanks limits and don't trust a LFS to give me the best advice. Here is my plan can you please advise me of any pit falls you may see. I do not wish to cause any undo harm to the marine life I want to keep.
<Good attitude to start with.>
-Fish-
2 Percula Clownfish
1 Royal Gamma
<Nice, although Amphiprion ocellaris may be easier to start with than the Perculas and look almost identical.>
-Invertebrates-
2 Emerald Crabs
2 Nassarius Snails
2 Blue Leg Hermit Crabs
1 Cleaner Shrimp
1 Sand Sifting Starfish <Drop this one, will starve in this sized tank.>
-Lighting-
24" VHO bulb 75Watt  (plan on purchasing before any rock)
-Filtration-
Penguin 200 bio-wheel  (currently own) <Unnecessary with the skimmer and LR, but can be useful for running carbon.  Clean often.>
30lb live rock
20lb live sand (also currently in the tank)
-Skimmer-
AquaC Remora (plan on purchasing before any rock)
<Love mine.>
-Power head –
Aquarium Systems Maxi-Jet PH Power Head 1200, 295 GPH (plan on purchasing before any rock)
<I would prefer 2 smaller ones to 1 large, but will work fine.>
I am going to add the clownfish first then the royal gamma. After I get my feet wet I will start adding the live rock then finally the inverts (one species every two weeks).
<LR before the fish, will most likely cause a cycle and the basis for your filtration.>
Thank you for your time, Rob.
<Good luck with the new tank.>
<Chris>

Re: LR Growth of some kind  – 04/11/07
Mich thanks.
<Pete, you are most welcome!>
Some more questions if you don't mind.
<Certainly>
I have the new 75 gal tank setup.  
<Yes, thank you for the reminder.>
80 lbs live sand, 70 lbs fully cured Pukani, Remora Pro with Mag 3, 2 ZooMed powerheads at opposite sides of the tank, and (don't laugh) a Whisper 60 filter just for some additional water movement and filtration.  
<Ok, not laughing, though amused.>
Lighting is currently a 50/50 fluorescent.  The LR went in the tank yesterday.  Salinity 33 gravity 1.024 Ca 340 Po 3-4 <High!> Ph 7.8 Nh3 0 No2 0 No3 5.  I know that the Ph is a little low - so I added some buffering agent.  Question:  Since I have so much live sand and live rock in the tank - will it cycle or need to cycle before I can put some of my 29 gal inhabitants in the tank ?
<It may not cycle per se, but I would wait a couple of days to see if you have any detectable ammonia or nitrites.>
I want to upgrade my lighting to the Current USA Outer Orbit (150W).  This seems to be a great light - thoughts?
<Definitely better than what you have currently.  Is a metal halide pendant, correct?  Other than that, I am not familiar with this specific brand/light.>
Also, based on the current setup of the 75 with NEW lighting could I place a few corals in the tank successfully and a "janitor crew" of snails and shrimp?
<Yes, you should be able to successfully grow many types of corals.  Just, do some research before assuming care for any living creature.>
Thanks in advance,
<You're very welcome!>
you guys (and gals) are the best!
<As one of the gals, I thank you for the inclusion!  -Mich>
--Pete
PS - I tried snapping a pic of the growth - batteries were dead in the cam - I'll try again once they have recharged and then forward.
<Sounds good, I'll be on the look out!>

Small FOWLR for a newbie...read, read, read   4/1/07
Hi Guys!
<Hello Bob.>
I am new to the wonderful hobby of exotic fish.
<Awesome.>
But, I am completely confused with regard to filtration systems.
<Their are a multitude of choices.>
I am about to begin a 30 gallon set up in a Fish with Live Rock tank .
<Plan carefully and be patient, read, read and when you are done read some more!>
My question is regarding the sump.
<Okay.>
How large would you recommend?
<Well actually Bob, most people with tanks in this size category often forego the sump for hang on equipment. Having said that if you can add in the sump I recommend it, if just for the added water volume. Larger tanks are more stable...chemically speaking.  There is no fixed rule as to what size they should be (however there is such thing as too small), with a 30 gallon tank I would think a standard 10 gallon tank a sump would work out great...but the bigger the better.>
Should I use sand and live rock?
<I would use fine aquarium sand (aragonite based) and seed it with a handful of livesand from a dealer or friends tank.  As far as the live rock, get some with as much diversity as possible and hopefully some that is not too dense.>
What intensity light should I use with it?
<For just fish? It's up to you, normal output fluorescents are fine for this application.>
Thank you for your assistance,
<Of course and do keep reading.>
-Bob
<Adam J.>

New tank setup, poor English, not using WWM   3/29/07
Hello Web crew ,
  I have a question regarding the setup of a 210 gallon All Glass with 2 built in overflows.
<What's wrong with the spacing, punctuation here?>
The overflows have a 1" drain and a 3/4" return .I am using a Megaflow model
<Close to worthless size, number of through-puts...>
4 sump (rated for up to 240 gallon tank). My question is regarding the return pump. Please note that I will also be installing into 1 of the return lines a uv sterilizer. Would I be better off using 2 return pumps instead of splitting the flow of 1?
<No>
And if so, would I be able to use pumps with different flow rates to gain the most benefit from the uv?Any suggestions you may have regarding setup and pump strength would be greatly appreciated.This is going to be a fowlr tank.
  Thanks,
  Kevin
<Please... use the search tool/indices on WWM... These questions and much, MUCH more necessary information re these and related issues is archived there... the holes in this tank are inadequate... Please read here: http://wetwebmedia.com/marsetupindex2.htm
The sections (articles and FAQs) in the first tray re Plumbing, Bulk-heads, Pump Selection... Bob Fenner>

Equipping A New System  3/5/07
Hey guys,
<Hi there! Scott F. your guy tonight!>
What else do I need for my reef setup? I have an Oceanic 55g. reef ready tank, Hamilton retro/custom hood with 175 MH 10000k and 2 compact fluorescents, Light Wave controller, Aqua C EV 180 skimmer, Iwaki MD-20RT for the skimmer, Iwaki MD30 for the main pump. I want to build my sump Berlin style. What else do I need?
<Well, so much depends on the needs of the animals that you intend to keep. You have a nice array of basic equipment already assembled. You might want to consider some additional circulation within the aquarium, either from Powerheads or a "closed loop". If your stocking plan is leaning towards stony corals, you may want to consider the addition of a calcium reactor if your needs dictate. All in all, it sounds like you have a nice array of equipment; you just need to work on a good stocking plan and execute your plan accordingly. Best of luck to you! Regards, Scott F.>

Re: FOWLR, Aquarium Version 2.0 (cont'd.)  3/5/07
Hey,
<Hi there! Scott F. back with you.>
Ok the Live rock is going to go up to 200lbs, Tank gets a refugiums instead of sump, with macroalgae in it, along with 50 lbs of live rock and mechanical filtration. No bio balls in the whole system. Sponge will be cleaned according to the need.
<Good. Do make cleaning the sponge a frequent and regular priority.>
As for the corals Acropora goes out of the list, in comes a Bubble Tip anemone with a pair of Tomato clowns in the refugium.
<I'm still hesitant to recommend mixing stinging cnidarians and stony corals in the same system (i.e.; tank or refugium), but do exercise great care and use chemical filtration media ((Poly Filter and/or activated carbon) to help absorb the potential by products of allelopathy.>
Would hermit crabs be fine in the main tank, and if not, can I put an Odonus Niger?
<Well, if you're concerned about Hermit Crabs causing problems for your invertebrates, I'd be equally concerned about a Triggerfish, myself!> Also would the crabs eat up the macro algae?
<There are herbivorous Hermit Crabs, yet in my experience, they seem to limit their grazing activities to microalgae. If you don't have too large a population, the impact of herbivorous Hermit Crabs on your macroalgae population should be negligible, IMO. Hope this helps! Regards, Scott F.>

Fish Only, Marine Set-Up...  2/28/07
I have went blind looking at you web site.
<Hmmm...you'll have to speak to our lawyer about that.>
Great job.
<Thanks.>
I am convinced that you guys are at the top of the game
<Wow, thank you again.>
and would like to get some help.
<Of course.>
Right now I have the aquarium in shipment with no accessories.  
<Neat.>
Would it be possible for you to outline exactly what I would need to set up a top of the line FOWLR aquarium.
<Well I would prefer the use of live rock as a surface for the breeding of nitrifying bacteria, if you don't wish to clutter the display with live rock, refugia is always an option.  Although this is a fish only tank and not a reef tank I am still not a fan of plastic-biological media employment and the "bleached" coral look in fish only tanks is soooooo 1980's. Second a VERY, VERY large efficient protein skimmer is a must for what you wish to keep. I also impore to use lots of water flow (see our section on closed loop systems and as I mentioned above refugia is great, specifically a large macro-algae based refugia would be nice. And of course be patient quarantine and research all livestock. Much, much more detail is posted on WWM and the net in general.>
  Some of the livestock that I want is a snowflake eel and lion fish.
<I would research specifically what lion you wish to keep, there are multiple species and some get quite large.>
I am open to what other fish that would work well in the  type tank.
<From the two you have listed, slower ambush predators seem to be the theme, a nice herbivorous fish addition would be a Rabbitfish though.>
I have been confused weather to have bio ball filtration with live rock,
<Some do...I would not.>
or just live rock/sand with a top of the line skimmer.
<Add a refugium to that combination and you are on the right path.>
Basically I have read so much that I have went brain dead <Yes as with any semi-complicated hobby/endeavour you will have to re-read these a few times before they "click" and do not be frustrated by varying opinions they are rampant in this hobby, sometimes both can be right and you must decide which is best for you and your livestock......other times some opinion are downright factually illogical.>
and would love for someone to tell me what the best setup
<I believe that using phrases/key words that I have provided you will set you on the right track, if you have any specific questions (On brands/livestock/plumbing...etc. .) I will be more than happy to clarify but all the general "stuff" is posted on WWM.>
would be or direct me to an article that would draw me a picture.
<The info
I am not on a major budget, but do not want to spend money that is not necessary.
<Understood.>
I appreciate any help you could give me.
<Quite Welcome.>
Sincerely,
Lanny
<**AJ**>