Chaetodon adiergastos  Seale 1910, the Panda Butterflyfish. Far west tropical Pacific in distribution. A coral polyp plus other invertebrate feeder. To six inches total length. This one in Pulau Redang, Malaysia. 

Chaetodon baronessa Cuvier 1831, the Eastern Triangular or Baroness Butterflyfish. Like the similar Indian Ocean congener, Chaetodon triangulum, this fish is a strict feeder on coral polyps. Too often shipped out of Fiji, the Philippines and Indonesia. To six inches in the wild.

Chaetodon bennetti Cuvier 1831, Bennett's Butterflyfish. Central Pacific to Africa's east coast. To about six inches total length. Most all food consists of coral polyps. Juvenile and adult coloration in specimens in the Cook Islands and Fiji shown.

Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus 1758, the Foureye Butterflyfish. Tropical west Atlantic, Caribbean To six inches. A broad feeding strategy, but still does poorly in adapting to captive conditions. A juvenile in an aquarium and adult at night in the Bahamas. 

Chaetodon flavirostris Gunther 1873, the Black or Yellow-Faced Butterflyfish. Usually shy and non-feeding. Eats coral polyps, other bottom-dwelling invertebrates and algae in the wild. To some eight inches long. Way too often sold to the hobby as juveniles... they don't live. The first one at a wholesalers, the second in the Cook Islands.

Chaetodon humeralis  Gunther 1860, the Sea of Cortez Three-Banded or East Pacific Butterflyfish. Found all along the tropical east Pacific coast of Central America up into the Mar de Cortez. To a maximum of seven inches in length. This one off of Cabo.

Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier 1831, the Lined Butterflyfish. At a foot long, vying for largest Butterflyfish of the family. Widespread from Hawai'i over to the east coast of Africa, into the Red Sea. A beauty that eats corals, anemones, much of all else, but doesn't live. Below: One in Hawai'i, another in Fiji, and a third in the Red Sea.

Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot 1862. Arabian or Black-Finned Melon Butterflyfish. Coming from the middle of the Red Sea down and around Yemen, Oman into the Persian Gulf, this is another "principally coral polyp feeder". To about five inches in length. Aquarium image.

Chaetodon ocellatus  Bloch 1781, the Spotfin Butterflyfish. Caribbean on south to Brazil. To eight inches in length. A beauty if it would only live. Bahamas pix, the last with an isopod parasite on its operculum. 

Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier 1831, the Ornate Butterflyfish. Yet another obligate corallivore. Yes, a beauty, but does not live in home fish tanks. Indo-west Pacific, Including Hawaiian Islands. To about seven inches in length. Commonly offered, doesn't live. Adults in Hawai'i and captivity by RMF.

Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier 1831, the Blue-Spot Butterflyfish. Maldives eastward to the South Pacific (Fiji), where these images were made. A beauty that is often sold in the trade and rarely lives for any period of time to speak of. This image from Australia.

Chaetodon quadrimaculatus  Gray 1831, the Four-Spot Butterflyfish. Found in the central to western Pacific, including Hawai'i. To six inches long. A few specimens live and live, most die "mysteriously" in aquarium conditions. In the wild, this species feeds principally on Pocillopora coral polyps. Shown,  juveniles in Hawai'i, an adult in  the Cooks.

Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier 1831, the Reticulated Butterflyfish. Nice looking, and "friendly" underwater toward divers, but dismal survival records in captivity for this coral polyp eater. Found commonly in central and western Pacific. To six inches total length. One in the Cooks, another in N. Sulawesi.

Chaetodon speculum Cuvier 1831, the Mirror or Oval-Spot Butterflyfish. A shy species that lives in coral rich areas where it feeds on same and other benthic invertebrates. To some seven inches in length. Eastern Indian Ocean to western Pacific. Ones off of Bunaken, Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Chaetodon triangulum Cuvier 1831, the Triangular or Rummynose Butterflyfish. Closely related to the western Pacific Chaetodon baronessa in markings, feeding (coral polyps) and longevity in captivity (not). Found from east Africa to the Andaman Sea.